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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Obésité adolescente et expérience corporelle en EPS : entre agir et subir les contraintes normatives</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Obésité</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Adolescence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Phénoménographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Expérience corporelle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Obesity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Physical Education</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Teens</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phenomonegraphy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Body experience</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objet de notre recherche est d’étudier les expériences corporelles des adolescents obèses pour comprendre leur processus d’engagement dans les situations obligatoires en EPS. Les études scientifiques montrent une activité physique faible chez les adolescents obèses. Analysées par le filtre de l’anthropologie existentiale, c’est-à-dire des êtres en train d’exister, les stratégies étudiées ne décrivent que le mode majeur de la réalité, conforme aux attentes scolaires. En s’inscrivant dans les théories pragmatiques (Quéré, 1997), dans la sociologie de l’expérience (Dubet, 1994) et dans l’anthropologie existentiale (Piette, 2015), cette thèse apporte un regard nouveau, en appréhendant, par le mode mineur de la réalité, les expériences corporelles, spatiales, temporelles et relationnelles de quatre élèves. L’étude ethnographique a permis la reconstruction de leurs expériences corporelles à partir de données audiovisuelles, d’observations non participantes et d’entretiens de l’élève et de son entourage. Contrairement au regard porté par les études précédentes, nos résultats mettent en exergue une richesse de l’expérience corporelle des adolescents. Le mode mineur révèle des repères corporels, spatiaux, temporels et relationnels singuliers sur lesquels les élèves s’appuient pour rester engagés dans la situation tout en se dégageant des contraintes les plus insoutenables pour eux. Les modes de dégagements et le processus de reposité permettent de rendre compte autrement des contraintes normatives véhiculées en EPS. Les adolescents obèses traduisent corporellement ces normes en les faisant vivre dans une partition chorégraphique organisée à partir de l’équilibre subtil de l’agir sur le subir. Derrière l’incorporation des normes émerge le pouvoir créateur de la personne dans son existence.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">We focus our research on the study of body experience for obese teenagers, in order to understand the engagement process when facing compulsory Physical Education situations. Scientific studies show a rather low level of physical activity among overweight adolescents. Analyzed in the light of existential anthropology (meaning « of people existing »), the strategies reviewed only describe the major reality mode, which meets school expectations. Fitting in the science of pragmatic theories (Quéré, 1997), experience sociology (Dubet, 1994) and existential anthropology (Piette, 2015), this thesis provides a new perspective by getting to grips with the body, space, time and relationship experience of four students, through the minor reality mode.The ethnographic study enabled the reconstruction of their body experience based on audiovisual data, non-participating observations and interviews with the students and their family and friends. Contrary to previous studies findings, our results highlight the richness of teenager body experience . The minor mode reveals remarkable body, space, time and relationship landmarks, which the student can use to stay engaged in situations, whilst breaking out of his/her unbearable constraints. The decommitment modes and the process of « reposité » lead to a better or different understanding of normative constraints conveyed in Physical Education. Overweight teenagers tend to « bodily translate » these norms by turning them into a choreographic score, based on the delicate balance between « doing » and « enduring ». Behind the incorporation of standards emerges the creative power of individuals in their existence.</dcterms:abstract>
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