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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Projections de besoins sociaux à l’échelle locale : apports des projections démographiques et des microsimulations à un questionnement de politiques publiques</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Local social needs projections : contributions of demographic projections and microsimulations to public policy questioning</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Besoins sociaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Projection démographique locale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microsimulation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Politiques publiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Collectivités territoriales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Logement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Social needs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Local demographic projection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microsimulation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Public policies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Local authorities</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Housing</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">En matière de réduction et de lutte contre les inégalités sociales et économiques, l’État est un acteur incontournable, jouant notamment un rôle de « chef d’orchestre ». Face au constat de déséquilibres territoriaux, l’action des collectivités est majeure en matière sociale et polyforme en fonction des spécificités territoriales et compétences allouées. Afin d’adapter leurs politiques publiques et répondre aux besoins sociaux des populations, les collectivités territoriales peuvent adopter une approche prospective. Dans cette optique, les modèles de projections démographiques localisées apportent des réponses mais celles-ci ne sont que partielles et montrent leur limites pour prévenir l’évolution d’autres phénomènes (isolement, compositions familiales, absence d’activité professionnelle, etc.). Si les microsimulations imposent un certain nombre de limites, elles satisfont cependant à deux aspects primordiaux de notre problématique. D’une part, en prenant en compte un plus large champ de variables et d’hypothèses, elles apportent une réponse plus précise sur les besoins futurs des populations. D’autre part, d’un point de vue méthodologique, les microsimulations sont adaptées à la dimension locale de la problématique et au maintien des liens entre les ménages et leur logement tout au long de la projection.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">When it comes to fighting against and reducing social and economic inequalities, the state is a key actor since it plays a “bandmaster” role. The action of local authorities towards territorial imbalances is crucial in social matters and is also multiform depending on territorial specificities and allocated competencies. In order to adapt their public policies and to answer populations’ social needs, local authorities may choose to adopt a forward-looking approach. In this context, local demographic projection methods might give some answers but those remain partial and show their limits when it comes to preventing the evolution of other phenomena such as seclusion, family setup, lack of professional activity, etc. While microsimulations show certain limits, they answer two primordial aspects of our problematic. On the one hand, by embracing a larger set of variables and hypotheses they offer a more precise answer to future populations’ needs. On the other hand, microsimulations are more adapted to the local aspect of the problematic from a methodological angle and they can preserve the link between households and their housing throughout the projection exercise.</dcterms:abstract>
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