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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Import d'ARN dans les mitochondries de cellules humaines : identification à grande échelle et applications thérapeutiques</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mitochondrie</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Séquençage d’ARN</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les mutations dans le génome mitochondrial humain sont souvent associées à de graves maladies neuromusculaires. Mon projet de thèse a consisté tout d’abord au développement d’une stratégie thérapeutique basée sur l’import mitochondrial de molécules d’ARN. J’ai pu démontrer que l’expression stable de molécules d’ARN recombinantes dans les cellules humaines permet de diminuer le taux de mutations pathogéniques de l’ADN mitochondrial. Dans une seconde partie, j’ai élaboré une nouvelle méthode, CoLoC-seq, permettant l’identification à grande échelle des ARN localisés dans les mitochondries. En appliquant cette méthode sur des cellules humaines, j’ai pu confirmer l’adressage mitochondrial de certains ARN cytosoliques non-codant et identifier de nouveaux ARN potentiellement importés. Ces données permettront d’élargir les connaissances sur les voies d’adressage mitochondrial des ARN, leurs mécanismes et leur régulation, et d’optimiser les stratégies thérapeutiques basées sur l’import d’ARN.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Mutations in the human mitochondrial genome are often associated with severe neuromuscular disorders. The first part of my thesis project consisted in the development of a therapeutic strategy based on the mitochondrial import of RNA molecules. I demonstrated that the stable expression of recombinant RNA molecules in human cells induced the decrease of the pathogenic mutation load in mitochondrial DNA. In the second part, I developed a nex method, CoLoC-seq, for the large-scale identification of RNA species localized in the mitochondria. By applying this method to human cells, I confirmed the mitochondrial targeting of some non-coding cytosolic RNAs and identified new potentially imported RNAs. These data will broaden the knowledge on the pathway of RNA targeting into the mitochondria, its mechanisms and regulation, and will allow optimization of the therapeutic strategies based on RNA import.</dcterms:abstract>
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