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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle du microenvironnement cellulaire de la mégacaryopoïèse</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mégacaryopoïèse</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Megakaryopoiesis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les plaquettes sanguines ont comme rôle principal d’arrêter les saignements. Elles sont produites dans la moelle osseuse par des mégacaryocytes (MK) qui proviennent de la différenciation des cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH). L’objectif de ma thèse a été d’identifier les éléments cellulaires du microenvironnement contrôlant la mégacaryopoïèse. Mon travail a permis d’identifier une population particulière de progéniteurs hépatiques du foie foetal capable de promouvoir in vitro les étapes précoces de la mégacaryopoïèse à partir de CSH humaines et murines (Brouard et al., 2017). Le rôle des cellules endothéliales (EC) dans les étapes tardives de maturation a été étudié après purification à partir de moelle humaine dans des expériences de co-culture avec des MK prédifférenciés. Mes résultats montrent que ces EC ont la propriété unique, par comparaison avec des EC d’autres tissus, de promouvoir la maturation des MK. Une analyse transcriptionnelle différentielle a permis d’identifier des effecteurs possibles ouvrant des pistes pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes de la mégacaryopoïèse et pour améliorer la production des plaquettes en culture.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The main role of platelets is to stop bleeding. They are produced in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes (MK) that are produced by the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The objective of my thesis was to identify the cellular elements of the microenvironment controlling megakaryopoiesis. My work has identified a particular population of hepatic progenitors from the fetal liver capable of promoting in vitro the early stages of megakaryopoiesis from human and murine HSC (Brouard et al., 2017). The role of endothelial cells (EC), purified from human bone marrow, in late maturation stages was studied in co-culture experiments with predifferentiated MK. My results show that these EC have the unique property in comparison with EC from other tissues, of promoting the maturation of MK. A differential transcriptional analysis identified possible effectors that could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of megakaryopoiesis and improve platelet production in culture.</dcterms:abstract>
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