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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Détermination du rôle des neurones corticospinaux dans le déclenchement et la progression de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique chez les souris Sod1G86R</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Determination of the role of corticospinal neurons in the onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sod1G86R mice</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neurones corticospinaux</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Corticospinal neurons</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie se caractérisant par la dégénérescence progressive et conjointe des neurones corticospinaux (NCS) et des motoneurones (MN) bulbaires et spinaux. Des études chez les patients suggèrent une origine corticale et une propagation corticofuge de la pathologie. Cependant, cette hypothèse n’a jamais été démontrée chez les patients SLA ni testée dans les modèles murins. Ces travaux ont permis de tester le rôle des neurones à projections subcérébrales (NPSC) dans le déclenchement et la progression de la SLA chez les souris Sod1G86R. Nous avons alors généré un nouveau modèle murin développant la SLA en absence de NPSC. Les résultats montrent que l’absence de NPSC retarde le déclenchement de la pathologie, prolonge la survie des animaux, tout en réduisant le déclin de leurs capacités motrices. Ces données suggèrent que l’absence de NPSC est bénéfique et que, dans un contexte de SLA, les NPSC seraient donc toxiques et auraient un rôle prépondérant dans le déclenchement et l’établissement de la SLA. Ces travaux montrent l’importance d’inclure l’étude des NCS pour le développement de futures stratégies thérapeutiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by progressive and combined degeneration of corticospinal neurons (CSN) and bulbar and spinal motoneurons (MN). Studies in patients suggest a cortical origin and a corticofugal spread of the pathology. However, this hypothesis has never been demonstrated in ALS patients nor tested in mouse models. The work of this thesis allowed to test the role of subcerebral projection neurons (SCPN) in the onset and progression of ALS in Sod1G86R mice. To do so, we generated a new mouse model developing ALS in the absence of SCPN. Results show that the absence of SCPN delays the onset of the pathology, prolongs the survival of the animals, while reducing the decline of their motor abilities. These data suggest that the absence of SCPN is beneficial and that, in an ALS context, SCPN would be toxic and have a preponderant role in the onset and establishment of the pathology. This work shows the importance of including the CSN study for the development of future therapeutic strategies.</dcterms:abstract>
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