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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle des altérations transcriptionnelles et épigénétiques dans les déficits comportementaux de la maladie de Huntington</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Role of transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in behavioral deficits in Huntington’s disease</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Maladie de Huntington</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Métabolisme du cholestérol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Acétylation des histones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transcriptome induit par l’apprentissage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Striatum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mémoire procédurale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Huntington’s disease</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cholesterol metabolism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Histones acetylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Learning-induced transcriptome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Striatum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Procedural memory</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La maladie de Huntington (MH) est une maladie neurodégénérative génétique, caractérisée par des symptômes moteurs, cognitifs et psychiatriques, qui s’accompagnent de dérégulations transcriptionnelles et épigénétiques touchant préférentiellement les triatum. La relation de cause à effet qui lie ces dysfonctionnements aux déficits comportementaux est encore mal comprise et sa caractérisation constitue l’objectif de ma thèse. Nous avons observé que la mémoire procédurale dépendante du striatum est progressivement altérée chez les souris R6/1 modèles de la MH. Ce déficit est partiellement compensé par l’utilisation d’une mémoire spatiale hippocampo-dépendante. Par ailleurs, nos données transcriptomiques montrent que le déficit cognitif des souris R6/1 est corrélé à une altération des régulations transcriptionnelles induites par l’apprentissage procédural et particulièrement de l’activation de gènes précoces immédiats essentiels à la plasticité neuronale. Pour tenter de corriger ces altérations, les souris R6/1 ont été traitées pharmacologiquement avec un activateur d’histone acétyltransférase. Le traitement a eu un effet bénéfique partiel sur la mémoire procédurale des souris R6/1, associé à des changements transcriptomiques et épigénétiques inattendus affectant plus particulièrement les cellules gliales, et favorisant le métabolisme du cholestérol. Ainsi, nos analyses permettent pour la première fois de définir avec précision la relation qui lie les altérations épigénétiques, transcriptionnelles et comportementales associées à la MH.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease, characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric troubles, associated to transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations, preferentially in the striatum. The causal relationship between these molecular dysfunctions and behavioral deficits is still poorly understood and its characterization is the objective of my thesis. We observed a progressive striatum-dependent procedural memory deficit in the R6/1 HD mouse, which is partially compensated by hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Moreover, our transcriptomic data show that the cognitive deficit of R6/1 mice is correlated to altered striatal transcriptional regulations induced by procedural learning. Particularly, the expression of immediate early genes involved in neuronal plasticity is impaired. To improve these alterations, R6/1 mice were treated with a histone acetyltransferase activator. We observed a partial improvement of the procedural memory deficit of R6/1 mice. Surprisingly, this treatment induces transcriptomics and epigenetics changes, more particularly in the glial cells, and it improves cholesterol metabolism. Thus, our analyzes allows precisly, for the first time, to describe the relationship between the epigenetic, transcriptional and behavioral alterations in HD.</dcterms:abstract>
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