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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development of genetic control strategies for insect pests using CRISPR/Cas9</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Développement de méthodes de lutte génétique contre de l’insecte nuisible basé sur le system CRISPR/Cas9</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Forçage génétique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anopheles gambiae</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Drosophila suzukii</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transgénèse</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gene Drive</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">CRISPR/Cas9</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Anopheles gambiae</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Drosophila suzukii</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027302180" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Insectes nuisibles -- Lutte biologique contre</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La lutte contre les insectes nuisibles reste un défi économique, environnemental et de santé important. Le forçage génétique par CRISPR/Cas9 (FG) est un nouveau system de control génétique. Ce sont des systèmes génétiques capables d’envahir rapidement une population. Ce travail de thèse présente mes efforts pour développer des FGs chez deux espèces nuisibles, Anopheles gambiae, un vecteur majeur du paludisme, et Drosophila Suzukii, un ravageur agricole d’importance mondiale. Les objectifs de ce projet étaient de développer un FG à but d'élimination chez D. Suzukii, visant à réduire la taille de la population, et un FG à but de modification chez An. gambiae, visant à rendre les moustiques incapables de transmettre le maladie. Mes efforts pour développer un FG chez D. Suzukii n’ont pas abouti, mais les techniques et protocoles présentés ici peuvent servir de base pour de futurs travaux. Chez An. gambiae, j'ai caractérisé avec succès deux lignées transgéniques, dont l'une capable de bloquer significativement la transmission chez un modèle rongeur. Enfin, je présente mes avancées dans la mise au point d’une nouvelle stratégie, le forçage génétique indirect.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Insect pest control remains an important economic, environmental, and public health challenge. CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive (GD) is a novel genetic control strategy. GDs are genetic systems that can rapidly invade a population. This manuscript presents my efforts to develop gene drives in two important pest species, Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria, and Drosophila suzukii, a global crop pest. The goals of this project were to develop a suppression gene drive in D. suzukii, to reduce population size, and a modification drive in An. gambiae, to reduce malaria transmission. While I was unable to produce a functional gene drive in D. suzukii, the efforts and protocols presented here can serve as a baseline for future work in this economically important crop pest. In An. gambiae, I successfully characterized two transgenic lines, one of which significantly blocks malaria transmission to a rodent model. Finally, I present my efforts to engineer a new modification gene drive strategy, indirect gene drive.</dcterms:abstract>
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