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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Entre silence, naissance et dégradation : vers la caractérisation de nouveaux mécanismes relatifs à la biologie des ARN de transfert et assurant l'homéostasie de la cellule végétale.</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Between silence, birth and degradation : towards the characterization of new mechanisms related to transfer RNA biology and ensuring plant cell homeostasis</dcterms:alternative>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Subcellular trafficking</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Mon projet de thèse visait à caractériser de nouveaux aspects physiologiques relatifs à la biologie des ARN de transfert (ARNt) chez les plantes. Il se composait de deux chapitres. Le premier chapitre avait pour objectif de décrire d’un point de vue évolutif l’organisation génomique des gènes d’ARNt nucléaires (ADNt) de plantes, et caractériser les pendants moléculaires régulant leur expression. Par rapport aux autres organismes vivants, ce travail a permis de révéler une haute organisation des ADNt sur les chromosomes de plantes se caractérisant par : des déserts géniques au niveau des centromères, des distances inter-ADNt homogènes, et la présence de clusters d’ADNt répétés. Aussi, ce travail a permis de décrire les premières évidences d’un silencing épigénétique de l’expression d’ADNt de plantes organisés en clusters de répétitions. La conjonction de ces résultats suggère un rôle potentiel des ADNt dans l’orchestration des génomes tridimensionnels de plantes. Le deuxième chapitre avait pour objectif de caractériser la biogenèse et les fonctions de petits ARN non-codants dérivant d’ARNt, les tRF, chez A. thaliana. Ce travail a permis de montrer que les RNases T2 sont les principaux acteurs de leur biogenèse.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">My thesis project aimed at figuring out new physiological aspects related to transfer RNA (tRNAs) biology in plants. It was divided in two parts. The first one consisted in describing from an evolutionarily point of view the genomic layout of plant tRNA genes (tDNAs) onto nuclear chromosomes. Contrasting with non-plant organisms, plant nuclear tDNAs exhibit a higher order in their chromosomal scattering. This is due to centromeric regions exclusion combined to highly conserved inter-tDNA distances and tDNA repeat clusters occurrences. Moreover, that part consisted in deciphering elements of nuclear tDNA transcriptional regulation. We brought evidences of epigenetic silencing mechanisms at clustered tDNA loci. As a perspective, we propose tDNAs might play a role in three-dimensional genomes orchestration. The second aspect referred to characterizing the biogenesis and functions of small non-coding RNAs deriving from tRNAs: tRFs. The results obtained demonstrate that RNases T2 as the predominant molecular actors for their biogenesis.</dcterms:abstract>
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