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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Implication de l’acide phosphatidique dans le trafic membranaire : rôle et régulation de la phospholipase D au cours de la phagocytose et de l’exocytose régulée</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Involvment of phosphatidic acid in membrane traffic : role and regulation of phospholipase D during phagocytosis and regulated exocytosis</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Acide phosphatidique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuroendocrine cell</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Exocytosis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La mise en évidence du rôle des lipides dans le trafic membranaire fait partie des avancées majeures de ces dernières années. Mes travaux de thèse se sont focalisés sur le plus simple des phospholipides, l’acide phosphatidique (PA). La production de PA par la phospholipase D (PLD) joue un rôle crucial au cours de la phagocytose et l’exocytose régulée, mais la dynamique de sa formation, tout comme les mécanismes d’action des différentes formes de PA, restent à ce jour totalement inconnus. Durant mon doctorat, j’ai contribué à la caractérisation de trois domaines de liaison peptidique au PA, qui nous ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’interaction des protéines avec le PA et de générer des sondes moléculaires pour repérer ce lipide au sein des cellules. Ainsi, j’ai pu visualiser la production de PA au cours de la phagocytose et mis en évidence l’implication de la GTPase Arf6 dans la régulation de la synthèse de PA par la PLD. J’ai également pu montrer que la PLD est impliquée dans plusieurs étapes de l’exocytose dans des cellules neuroendocrines. Des expériences de lipidomique et de restauration ont révélé notamment que des formes mono- et polyinsaturées du PA contrôlent des étapes distinctes de l’exocytose que j’ai pu définir.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The discovery of the involvement of lipids in membrane trafficking is one of the major recent progress in cell biology. My thesis work focused on phosphatidic acid (PA), the simplest phospholipid. PA synthesis by phospholipase D (PLD) plays a crucial role during phagocytosis and regulated exocytosis, but its precise dynamics, as well as the mode of action of the different PA species, remain unknown. I characterized three PA binding domains allowing a better understanding of the interaction between proteins and PA and leading to the generation of genetic sensors for PA in cells. Thus I could visualize PA synthesis during phagocytosis and identified that the small GTPase Arf6 regulates PLD activity and consequently PA synthesis. My work also reveals that PLD modulates several steps during exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. Further lipidomics and rescue experiments allowed me to show that mono- and polyunsaturated forms of PA are involved in distinct steps of exocytosis.</dcterms:abstract>
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