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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">L'instrumentalisation du principe de subsidiarité, un révélateur de la nature juridique de l'Union européenne</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The instrumentalisation of the principle of subsidiarity as revealing the legal nature of the European Union</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Subsidiarité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fédéralisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fonctionnalisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Intégration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rôle du juge</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Partage des compétences</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Marché intérieur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Centralisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Autonomie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diversité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Subsidiarity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Federalism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Functionalism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Integration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Role of the judge</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sharing of competences</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Internal market</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Centralization</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autonomy</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Du fait de son ambiguïté fondatrice, de ses connotations politiques et de son caractère relativement récent, le principe de subsidiarité, expressément consacré dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne par le traité de Maastricht, fait l’objet d’une instrumentalisation par de nombreux acteurs à des fins souvent contradictoires mais néanmoins cohérentes avec la nature juridique de l’Union. Si à l’évidence, sa consécration dans le droit primaire visait, à l’instar de celle du principe de proportionnalité, à rassurer les États membres et les citoyens européens de ce que l’action de l’Union se limiterait au strict nécessaire, le principe de subsidiarité était cependant porteur d’une charge quelque peu subversive en raison de sa dynamique potentiellement ascendante et de sa signification implicitement fédérale. Appliquer la subsidiarité, pour les institutions européennes qui sont les gardiennes de son respect, revient presque toujours à justifier l’intervention de l’Union au regard des objectifs de l’action envisagée et, partant, à disqualifier l’action des échelons inférieurs. Pour autant, et de façon assez paradoxale, l’instrumentalisation de la subsidiarité ne s’inscrit pas tant dans une dimension fédérale que fonctionnelle tant il est vrai que le fédéralisme cherche à promouvoir des valeurs comme l’autonomie et la diversité, ce que la subsidiarité, malgré les apparences, ne permet pas de garantir. Présentée comme un instrument de fédéralisation de l’Union européenne, la subsidiarité n’est, en réalité, qu’un instrument d’intégration puisqu’elle n’a jamais su s’extraire de la matrice fonctionnaliste qui caractérise la construction européenne depuis toujours.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Due to its founding ambiguity, its political connotations and its relatively recent character, the principle of subsidiarity, expressly enshrined in the legal order of the European Union by the Treaty of Maastricht, is being instrumentalized by many actors for purposes that are often contradictory but nevertheless consistent with the legal nature of the European Union. While its consecration inprimary law, like that of the principle of proportionality, was obviously intended to reassure Member States and European citizens and ensure that the Union's action would be limited to what is necessary, the principle of subsidiarity was nevertheless some what subversive because of its potentially ascending dynamic and its implicitly federal content. Applying subsidiarity, for the European institutions which are the guardians of its observance, almost always means justifying the Union's intervention with regard to the objectives of the envisaged action and, therefore, disqualifying action by the lower levels of government. Paradoxically, however, the instrumentalization of the principle of subsidiarity is not so much « federal » as « functional », since federalism seeks to promote values such as autonomy and diversity, which subsidiarity, despite appearances, does not guarantee. Usually presented as an instrument of federalization of the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is in reality an instrument of integration since it has never been able to extricate itself from the functionalist matrix that has always characterized the construction of Europe.</dcterms:abstract>
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