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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les réseaux neuronaux convolutifs profonds excellent à résoudre les problèmes de reconnaissance dans les images. Les avancées récentes dans le domaine de la numérisation des lames histologiques permettent aujourd’hui d’utiliser ces algorithmes dans de véritables applications biomédicales en microscopie. Des solutions d’analyse automatiques sont donc naturellement développées pour réduire les erreurs de diagnostic. Nous présentons deux applications, l’une pour l’analyse de marquages immunohistochimiques, l’autre pour assister le diagnostic des lymphomes. Nous présentons enfin les limites de l’apprentissage profond pour résoudre les problématiques biomédicales. Cette critique conduit à repenser l’apprentissage profond comme un soutien aux outils de fouille de données. Par le biais d’arbres de segmentations ou de subsomptions, ces techniques, soutenues par l’apprentissage profond, sont compatibles avec l’interprétation humaine, économes en annotation et en apprentissage.</dcterms:abstract>
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