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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Codes circulaires dans l'évolution du code génétique</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Codes circulaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Codes circulaires des dinucléotides</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Codes circulaire des trinucléotides</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Codes circulaires des tétranucléotides</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Circular codes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dinucleotide circular codes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Trinucleotide circular codes</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le problème abordé dans cette thèse est de savoir comment retrouver, maintenir et synchroniser la phase de lecture pendant la traduction des gènes en protéines. La traduction est le processus par lequel le ribosome décode l’ARN messager (une séquence de nucléotides {A, C, G,T}) en codons (3 nucléotides) pour créer une protéine. L’ARN messager peut être décodé en trois phases 0, +1 et +2 mais uniquement la phase 0 (phase de lecture) initiée par un ”start” codon code les informations pour synthétiser les protéines. Un code (ensemble de mots) avec la propriété de circularité permet de retrouver la phase de lecture. Un code circulaire, nommé X, formé de 20 trinucléotides a été découvert en 1996 par une analyse statistique des gènes de différentes espèces. Dans ce livre, je présente les nouvelles propriétés des codes circulaires. Sur la base de ces propriétés, je présente une ligne directrice hypothétique qui peut aider à découvrir l'évolution de la synthèse des protéines.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The problem that this work addresses is how to retrieve, maintain and synchronize the correct reading frame during the translation process. Translation is the process by which the ribosome decodes the messenger RNA (sequence of nucleotides {A,C,G,T}) as codons (word of 3 nucleotides) to create a specific amino acid chain. Unfortunately, the mRNA can be decoded in three reading frames 0, +1 and +2. Yet, only frame 0 as correct reading frame encodes the Information for the synthesis of proteins. First practical evidence of a genetic model which is able to retrieve the correct reading frame is the so-called X-code. Astonishingly, it turned out that the X-code is a circular code. The advantages of circular genetic codes are incomparable. In this work I introduce new properties. Based on these properties I present a hypothetical guiding line which can help to discover the evolution of protein synthesis.</dcterms:abstract>
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