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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Who reionized the Universe ? : dermining the photon budget of galaxies during reionization with numerical simulations, and studying the impact of dust</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Qui a réionisé l’Univers ? : détermination par la simulation numérique du budget de photons des galaxies pendant l’époque de la Réionisation, et étude de l’impact des poussières</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réionisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Galaxies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Budget des photons ionisants galactique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Haut redshift</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fraction d’échappement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Poussière</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Reionisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Galaxies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ionising galactic photon budget</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">High redshift</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Escape fraction</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La lumière ionisante des premières étoiles a alimenté la Réionisation du milieu intergalactique. Dû au lien entre l’avancée de la Réioinsation et la formation des premières structures, l’étude des galaxies qui réionisent l’Univers a une motivation cosmologique. J’ai cherché à comprendre quelles sont ces galaxies grâce à des simulations numériques. Dans la simulation Cosmic Dawn II, des galaxies de masses intermédiaires de 6x108 à 3x1010 masses solaires propulsent la Réionisation. L’importance de ces galaxies découle de leur nombre, formation stellaire et fractions d’échappement importants. Pour aller plus loin, j’ai implémenté de nouvelles physiques dans le code RAMSESCUDATON, telles que la poussière, et le refroidissement dû aux métaux et à l’Hélium. J’ai aussi modifié la configuration du code pour mieux reproduire les contraintes sur la fraction neutre d’Hydrogène. Il en résulte une Réionisation tardive, qui dépend de galaxies de plus faible masses de 108 à 2x1010 masses solaires. La poussière participe à réduire le rôle des galaxies massives dans la Réionisation, et pourrait affecter les observations des galaxies les plus brillantes pendant la Réionisation. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour les observations de galaxies et du gaz réionisant. Les nouvelles physiques et calibration seront utilisées pour Cosmic Dawn III.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Ionising light from the first stars drove the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) of the intergalactic medium. As the progression of the EoR is linked to the formation of the first structures, understanding which galactic sources drive it is cosmologically interesting. I investigated the EoR by studying its galactic sources across time in numerical simulations. I explored which galaxies propel the EoR in Cosmic Dawn II, finding the culprits to be an intermediate mass range of galaxies between 6x108 to 3x1010 solar masses. Their importance is due to its relatively high abundance, high star formation rate, and high escape fractions. To take this answer further, I sought to implement new physics into the code RAMSES-CUDATON (Most importantly, dust, Helium and metal cooling). I also altered the simulation setup to better match constraints on the neutral fraction of Hydrogen. I found that this new configuration supports late Reionisation driven by lower mass galaxies of 108 to 2x1010 solar masses. Dust plays a rôle in reducing the contribution to Reionization of massive galaxies, and could affect observations due to extinction in the brightest galaxies. These results have important implications for observations of reionising galaxies and gas. The new physics and setup with be used in Cosmic Dawn III.</dcterms:abstract>
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