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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Préparation et vieillissement de matières organiques en contexte archéologique : approche analytique et expérimentale</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Brai de bouleau</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Résine végétale</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autoxidation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">GC-MS, Terpenes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Birch bark tar</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dipterocarpaceae</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse a été consacrée à la problématique de l’altération de substances organiques en contexte archéologique, avec pour objectifs de donner des clés analytiques et expérimentales pour étudier les processus mis en jeu, d’identifier de nouveaux outils moléculaires indicateurs des processus subis par les matériaux organiques archéologiques et d’interpréter l’impact de ces processus sur les signatures moléculaires de ces matériaux. Après la mise au point d’un protocole expérimental de vieillissement en laboratoire reproduisant les processus « naturels » de vieillissement de substances organiques archéologiques, nous avons déterminé que les réactions croisées entre ingrédients (esters d’acides gras, terpènes) conduit à la formation de composés oligo-/polymériques intéressants à étudier à l’aide de réactions de dégradation chimique. L’étude moléculaire de matériaux organiques archéologiques a aussi été abordée. Ainsi, de la résine de diptérocarpacées provenant de deux épaves asiatiques du XIIème siècle et du brai de bouleau utilisé pour réparer des céramiques néolithiques ont été identifiés. De nouveaux biomarqueurs triterpéniques d’altération issus de la dégradation anaérobie en milieu sédimentaire de triterpènes précurseurs (résine), et des biomarqueurs de traitement thermique intense (brai) ont été caractérisés.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The present PhD thesis was devoted to the alteration processes affecting organic substances in an archaeological context, and aimed at providing analytical and experimental keys to investigate the nature of the alteration processes, to identify new molecular tools indicators of archaeological alteration processes and to interpret the impact of these processes on the molecular signatures of these organic materials. Following the development of a laboratory ageing experimental protocol able to reproduce “natural” alteration of archaeological organic substances, we could establish that cross reactions between ingredients (esters of fatty acids, terpenoids) result in the formation oligo/polymeric material worth to be investigated by means of chemical degradation reactions. Additionally, investigation of archaeological organic substances was carried out. Thus, dipterocarpaceae resins from two Asian shipwrecks from the XIInd Century and birch bark tar used to fix Neolithic ceramics have been identified. New triterpenoid biomarkers resulting from the sedimentary anaerobic degradation of parent triterpenoids (resins) and markers indicative of intense thermal treatment (tar) have been characterized.</dcterms:abstract>
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