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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Synthèse de nouveaux aminoglycosides pour le développement d'antibiotiques</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les infections bactériennes liées à des souches multi-résistantes font des millions de morts, chaque année, dans le monde. De ce fait, le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques pouvant combattre l'antibiorésistance est un enjeu majeur pour la santé publique. Du fait de leur large spectre d'activité, les aminoglycosides constituent une famille de choix pour le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques. Néanmoins, malgré leur ancienneté, peu de médicaments aminoglycosidiques ont été mis sur le marché, du fait de leur toxicité. Ainsi est-il crucial de comprendre les mécanismes d'action des aminoglycosides et les mécanismes de résistance bactérienne pour concevoir de nouveaux composés actifs face aux souches bactériennes antibiorésistantes. C'est en suivant cet objectif que ce travail de thèse s'est orienté vers la fonctionnalisation de la néomycine B, un aminoglycoside naturel, sur des positions choisies à bon escient. La première partie a consisté à concevoir une séquence réactionnelle rapide et robuste impliquant la substitution nucléophile d'un groupe partant par des amines. La seconde, plus délicate, fut basée sur la combinaison de cette substitution nucléophile avec l'acylation d'une position clé de l'aminoglycoside.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Infections linked to multidrug resistant bacteria kills millions of people each year, all around the world. Thereby, developing new antibiotics to fight against antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue. As they are broad-spectrum antibiotics, the aminoglycoside family is an element of choice for the development of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, despite their age, only a few aminoside-based drugs have recently been marketed, because of their toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the aminoglycoside modes of action of and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance, in order to design new compounds that are active against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Following this goal, this work focused on the functionalization of neomycin B, a natural aminoglycoside, at carefully selected positions. The first part was to design a fast and robust reaction sequence based on the nucleophilic substitution of a leaving group by amines. The second one, more delicate, was based on the combination of this nucleophilic substitution with the acylation of other key positions of the aminoglycoside.</dcterms:abstract>
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