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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Développement d’une source microfluidique calibrée de formaldéhyde et composés organiques volatils en phase gazeuse</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Composés Organiques Volatils</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Formaldéhyde</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Calibration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Homogénéisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Génération de gouttes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microfluidique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diffusion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Volatile Organic Compounds</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Formaldehyde</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Calibration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mixing</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Droplets generation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Diffusion</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="028390032" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Composés organiques volatils</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse a pour objectif le développement d’une source microfluidique calibrée de BTEX et de formaldéhyde en phase gazeuse. Le principal défi de cette étude était de générer des mélanges de ces polluants à très basse concentration (1 ppb) et à très faible débit (25 NmL.min-1). Pour les BTEX, une méthode de dilution novatrice a été développée : la dilution par mélange pulsé. Celle-ci élimine le besoin d’un débit de dilution élevé en alternant des pulses de polluant et des pulses de gaz porteur à des fréquences variables. Un prototype de laboratoire a été réalisé, et a permis de valider la preuve de concept de la dilution par mélange pulsé pour les gammes de concentration (1 à 100 ppb de BTEX) et de débit (25 à 100 NmL.min-1) ciblées par cette étude. De plus, une nouvelle méthode d’homogénéisation basée sur une puce microfluidique multi-étage composée de zones tampons a été également validée. Pour le formaldéhyde, une solution similaire a été étudiée, mais cette fois en formant des gouttes de solution aqueuse contenant ce polluant. Les gouttes sont alors évaporées dans un flux de gaz porteur, et le mélange final passe par la même étape d’homogénéisation que dans le cas des BTEX.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This work aims at developing a microfluidic calibration source for gaseous BTEX and formaldehyde. The main challenge of this study was to generate mixtures of these pollutants at a very low concentration (1 ppb) and very low flow rate (25 NmL.min-1). For BTEX, a novel dilution method was developed, i.e., the pulsed dilution. It eliminated the need for a high dilution flow rate by alternating pulses of pollutant with pulses of carrier gas at different frequencies. A laboratory prototype was made and helped validating the proof of concept of the pulsed dilution for a wide range of concentrations (1 to 100 ppb of BTEX) and flow rates (25 to 100 NmL.min-1). Moreover, a novel homogenization method based on a multi-stage microchip made of several buffers was also validated. For formaldehyde, a similar solution was studied, but this time by generating microdrops (50 µm diameter) of an aqueous solution containing this pollutant. Indeed, formaldehyde is unstable in its gaseous form and is generally stored in aqueous solutions. The droplets are evaporated inside a flow of carrier gas, and the final mixture passes through the same step of homogenization as the BTEX.</dcterms:abstract>
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