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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Interfacial fractures : thermal effects and material disorder</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dynamique de rupture</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dissipation thermique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fissures</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rupture dynamics</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La dynamique de propagation des fissures est importante en science des matériaux et en ingénierie, pour la compréhension de la résistance des solides et des structures qui nous entourent. Ce sujet est aussi central en sciences de la Terre, notamment pour la compréhension de l’instabilité des failles sismiques. Lors de la rupture d'un milieu élastique fragile, une partie du chargement extérieur fourni à la matrice est dissipée dans une zone plastique en tête de fissure. Cette dissipation irréversible, qui peut-être caractérisée par un taux de libération d’énergie macroscopiquement mesurable, s’appuie sur divers mécanismes physiques. En particulier, l'élévation de la température induite par friction intermoléculaire, directement au sein de la zone plastique. Plus qu'un simple marqueur de l'endommagement, cette dissipation thermique pourrait, en retour, avoir un impact significatif sur la dynamique de la rupture. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions cette possibilité et proposons une loi d’activation dans laquelle l'élévation thermique en tête de rupture est réintroduite. Nous montrons que ce modèle permet de reproduire la rupture de différents matériaux et fournit une explication à la transition fragile-ductile de la matière.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The dynamics of cracks is of paramount importance in material sciences and in everyday engineering, to correctly grasp the toughness of matter and of structures. It is also rather central in geosciences, for instance in the instability of seismic faults. During the rupture of a brittle elastic medium, a portion of the external mechanical load, provided to the matrix, is dissipated in a plastic zone at the fracture tip. This irreversible dissipation, which can be characterized by a macroscopically measurable energy release rate, derives from various physical processes. In particular, a rise in temperature from the intermolecular friction, directly inside the plastic zone. More than a marker for the damage, such a thermal dissipation at the tip can lead to an increase in the fracture velocity, as understood by statistical physics. In the present thesis, we study this possibility and propose an activation law in which the fracture induced heat is reintroduced. We show that it allows a good reproduction of the actual rupture of several materials and can explain the brittle-ductile transition of matter.</dcterms:abstract>
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