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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Perturbation de la rythmicité circadienne : impact sur la fonction reproductive de souris femelles</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Impact of circadian disruption on female mice reproductive function</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cycle estrien</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Travail posté</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Perturbation circadienne</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pic pré ovulatoire de LH</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Estrous cycle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Shiftwork</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Circadian disruption</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Luteinizing Hormone surge</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Chez les mammifères femelles, la fonction reproductive dépend à la fois d’une horloge biologique synchronisée par le cycle lumière/obscurité et par un équilibre entre le rétrocontrôle négatif et positif des œstrogènes, dont les concentrations varient en fonction de la maturation folliculaire. Chez les femmes, un nombre croissant d’études signalent un impact négatif des environnements chronodisruptifs, comme le travail posté / de nuit, sur la fertilité. Les objectifs de mon travail étaient d’étudier les effets d’un décalage de phase unique ou chronique sur les cycles reproducteurs de souris (C57BL/6J) femelles adultes. Dans ce but j’ai 1) mis au point un modèle de suivi longitudinal (sur plusieurs mois) de la sécrétion de LH le jour du proestrus sur des individus uniques ; 2) analysé les effets d’une avance ou d’un retard de phase unique (10h) sur les cycles estriens et l’occurrence du pic préovulatoire de LH ; 3) analysé les effets d’avance/retard de phases chroniques (jusqu’à 9 mois) sur les cycles estriens, le pic préovulatoire de LH et la fertilité ; 4) mis au point d’injection intra-cérébro-ventriculaire (ICV) de peptides associée au suivi individuel de LH afin de proposer des méthodes de resynchronisation du pic préovulatoire de LH chez des souris soumises à des déphasages. Mes travaux montrent qu’une avance ou un retard de phase unique perturbe peu le cycle reproducteur des souris femelles jeunes tandis qu’un décalage chronique altère fortement à la fois la régularité des cycles estriens, la sécrétion préovulatoire de LH et la fertilité. Ces données fondamentales démontrent un impact négatif de la perturbation chronique des cycles journaliers sur l'axe reproducteur des souris femelles. Une extrapolation de nos données fondamentales chez la femme, notamment dans un contexte de travail posté, est à l’heure actuelle prématurée. Cependant, au vu de nos résultats, une étude prospective chez la femme est indispensable</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In female mammals, cycles in reproductive function depend on both a biological clock synchronized to the light/dark cycle, and a balance between the negative and positive feedbacks of estradiol which concentration varies during ovary maturation. In women, studies report that chronodisruptive environments, notably those experienced in shiftwork conditions, may impair fertility and gestational success. The objective of this study was to explore, in female mice, the effects of shifted light/dark cycles on both the robustness of the estrous cycles and the timing of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, two hallmarks of mammalian reproductive health. When mice were exposed to a single 10 h-phase advance or 10 h-phase delay, the occurrence and timing of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity were recovered at the third estrous cycle. By contrast, when mice were exposed to a chronic shift (successive rotations of 10 h-phase advance for 3 days followed by 10 h-phase delay for 4 days), they exhibited a severely impaired reproductive activity. Most mice had no preovulatory LH surge already at the beginning of the chronic shift. Furthermore, the gestational success of mice exposed to a chronic shift was reduced since the number of pups was two times lower in shifted as compared to control mice. In conclusion, this study reports that female mice exposure to a single-phase shift has minor reproductive effects whereas exposure to chronically disrupted light/dark cycles markedly impairs the preovulatory LH surge occurrence, leading to reduced fertility</dcterms:abstract>
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