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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le cil primaire : une nouvelle cible pour la remyélinisation ?</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The primary cilium : a new target for remyelination?</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oligodendrocytes</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Myélinisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pathologies demyelinisantes</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Primary cilium</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail visait à approfondir les connaissances sur le cil primaire (CP), très mal connu dans les oligodendrocytes. L’étude in vitro du lignage oligodendrocytaire a montré que le CP, présent uniquement dans les précurseurs (OPCs) présente une plasticité ; il peut être allongé ou raccourci pharmacologiquement en association avec un niveau plus au moins important de différenciation. Les mécanismes de l’allongement du CP ainsi que la relation entre CP et différenciation sont cependant complexes. L’étude in vivo a montré que les OPCs ciliés différaient au cours du développement post-natal, à l’état d’homéostasie chez l’adulte et lors de la démyélinisation/remyélinisation, en fonction de la localisation corticale vs corps calleux (CC). Un traitement allongeant le CP in vitro a eu in vivo des effets différentiels sur la remyélinisation corticale vs du CC. De manière inattendue, une protéine associée au cil, BBS4 a été détectée dans la myéline au cours du développement chez l’Homme et la souris. L’ensemble des résultats a montré que le CP pourrait être un nouveau marqueur de l’hétérogénéité fonctionnelle des OPCs, dont il faudra tenir compte dans les études futures.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The present PhD thesis aimed to deepen our knowledge of the primary cilium (PC), which is poorly understood in oligodendrocytes. The in vitro study of oligodendrocyte lineage showed that PC, present only in precursors (OPCs), exhibits an interesting plasticity. The PC length can be manipulated by pharmacologic treatment leading to higher or lower level of differentiation. The mechanism of PC lengthening and the relationship between PC and differentiation are however complex. The in vivo study showed that the status of ciliated OPCs, during postnatal development, in adult and during demyelination/remyelination, is dependant on their location in the cerebral cortex or corpus callosum (CC). Lengthening PC observed in vitro had differential effects on cortical and CC remyelination in vivo. Unexpectedly, a cilium-associated protein, BBS4 has been detected in myelin during development in humans and mice. Our results showed that PC can be considered a new marker of OPC functional heterogeneity.</dcterms:abstract>
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