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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les plaquettes sanguines jouent un rôle vital en assurant l’hémostase normale. Les anomalies quantitatives ou qualitatives des plaquettes sont responsables d’accidents hémorragiques graves. Afin de prévenir ces complications chez des patients présentant des numérations plaquettaires fortement diminuées, il est nécessaire de les transfuser. La demande croissante en produits sanguins contrôlés, indemnes de risques infectieux, immunitaires et inflammatoires, couplée à la durée de stockage limitée des plaquettes (5 jours) conduisent fréquemment à des situations à flux tendus. Dans ce contexte, une alternative au don serait de disposer de plaquettes sanguines produites en conditions in vitro. Il est possible aujourd’hui de produire des plaquettes de culture, dont la taille et la fonctionnalité sont similaires aux plaquettes natives. L’utilisation d’un ligand de l’AHR le StemRegenin1 (SR1), favorise cette production, mais les voies de signalisation impliquées ne sont pas définies. Les rendements sont encore faibles et les verrous scientifiques nombreux. Il est donc nécessaire de mieux comprendre les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires qui gouvernent la biogenèse des plaquettes, afin d’améliorer la production de plaquettes in vitro à visée transfusionnelle.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Blood platelets play a key role in ensuring normal hemostasis. Abnormalities in the quantity or quality of platelets are responsible for serious bleeding events. In order to prevent these complications in patients with severely decreased platelet counts, transfusion is necessary. The increasing demand for controlled blood products, free of infectious, immune and inflammatory risks, coupled with the limited storage time of platelets (5 days) leads frequently to a "just-in-time" situation. In this context, an alternative to donation would be the availability of blood platelets produced under in vitro conditions. It is now possible to produce cultured platelets, which are similar in size and functionality to native platelets. The use of an AHR ligand, StemRegenin1 (SR1), promotes this production but the signalling pathways involved are not defined. Yields are still low and there are many scientific locks. It is therefore necessary to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing platelet biogenesis in order to improve in vitro platelet production for transfusion.</dcterms:abstract>
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