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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Zooming in on the lettuce mitochondrial genome, Study of induced and natural mitochondrial diversity within the Lactuca spp.</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Diversité des génomes mitochondriaux chez les laitues</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Laitues</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ADNmt</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diversité mitochondriale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stérilité mâle cytoplasmique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Recombinaison</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">OSB2</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lettuce</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">MtDNA</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mitochondrial diversity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cytoplasmic male sterility</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="02971642X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Mitochondries végétales</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">En sélection végétale, la diversité nucléaire est le réservoir de biodiversité encore majoritairement exploité. Cependant, la diversité génétique mitochondriale représente de nouvelles opportunités telles que la stérilité mâle cytoplasmique qui semble le plus intéressant caractère chez la laitue, dans une optique de sélection. Pour cette raison, au cours de ma thèse j’ai séquencé et assemblé le génome mitochondrial (ADNmt) de la laitue, Lactuca sativa, que j'ai utilisé comme référence pour mes études subséquentes. Puis j'ai étudié la diversité mitochondriale naturelle, présente au sein d’accessions sauvages de quatre espèces du genre Lactuca, ou la diversité mitochondriale induite. Celle-ci générée en utilisant soit un composé génotoxique soit des mutants pour des gènes nucléaires codant des protéines impliquées dans la maintenance et la ségrégation de l’ADNmt. Parmi les mutants sélectionnés nous avons décidé de nous focaliser sur deux d’entre eux : un mutant de la protéine RADA présentant un phénotype sévère, associé à une importante instabilité de l'ADNmt par recombinaison, et un mutant de la protéine OSB2 que nous pensions lié à un phénotype de stérilité mâle. Il s’est avéré que nous avions sélectionné de façon indirecte dans cette famille de mutants osb2 un nouveau gène de stérilité que nous avons par la suite identifié comme étant CCoAOMT1, codant pour une caffeoyl coenzyme A méthyltransférase.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In breeding, nuclear diversity remains the biodiversity reservoir most exploited. However, mitochondrial genetic diversity might present new opportunities in lettuce breeding, and cytoplasmic male sterility seems to be the most interesting trait, with a view to breeding. For this reason, during my thesis I sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of lettuce, Lactuca sativa, which I used as a reference for my subsequent studies. Then I studied the natural mitochondrial diversity, present within wild accessions of four species of the genus Lactuca, or the induced mitochondrial diversity, generated using either a genotoxic compound or mutants for nuclear genes encoding proteins involved in the maintenance and segregation of mtDNA. Among the mutants selected we decided to focus on two of them: a mutant of the RADA protein, with a severe phenotype associated to important instability of the mtDNA by recombination and a mutant of the protein OSB2, which we thought was linked to a male sterility phenotype. It turned out that we had indirectly selected within this osb2 mutant family a new sterility gene, which we subsequently identified as CCoAOMT1, coding for a caffeoyl coenzyme A methyltransferase.</dcterms:abstract>
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