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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude fonctionnelle et structurale des ADN topoisomérases de type II et de leurs modifications post-traductionnelles</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Structure</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Allostérie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Activités catalytiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DNA topoisomerases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Post-translational modifications</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Structure</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les ADN topoisomérases de type 2 (Top2s) régulent la topologie de l’ADN dans de nombreux processus cellulaires. Ce sont des cibles majeures dans le traitement face au cancer et a certains agents pathogènes. Cependant l’administration des molécules anti Top2s peut entrainer des effets secondaires. Des connaissances structurales supplémentaires sur les Top2s sont donc nécessaires afin de développer des molécules plus spécifiques. Nous avons dans un premier temps étudie la régulation de l’activité de la TopIIα par les modifications post-traductionnelles (PTMs). L’identification des PTMs a mis en avant une lysine dont la modification perturbe le couplage structure/fonction a été mise en évidence. La caractérisation de la TopIIα déphosphorylée a montré que ces modifications modulent son activité catalytique. Les PTMs affectent des positions clés, et ont un impact majeur sur la relation structure-fonction de TopIIα permettant de réguler l’activité lors du cycle catalytique. Une revue de la littérature a permis d’observer des différences dans les PTMs suivant les phases du cycle cellulaire. Enfin, nous avons obtenu les structures de la TopIIα humaine et la TopII procaryote, l’ADN Gyrase, montrant des différences au niveau des connexions entre les domaines. L’étude des activités a montré que ces connexions sont importantes pour la communication allostérique entre les domaines. L’ensemble de ces informations apportent des éléments sur la modulation de l’activité des TopIIs expliquée par leurs structures et les PTMs.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Type 2 DNA topoisomerases (Top2s) regulate DNA topology in many cellular processes. They are major targets in the treatment of cancer and against certains pathogens. However, the administration of anti-Top2 molecules can cause side effects. Additional structural knowledge on TopIIs is therefore necessary in order to develop more specific molecules. We first studied the regulation of TopII by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The identification of PTMs highlighted a lysine whose modification disrupts the structure/function coupling. The characterization of dephosphorylated TopIIα showed that these modifications influence catalytic activities. PTMs affect key positions and have a major impact on the structure-function relationship of TopIIα allowing to regulate the activity during the catalytic cycle. A review of the literature showed differences in PTMs according to cell status. In a second project we obtained the structures of human TopIIα and prokaryotic TopII, DNA gyrase, showing differences in the connections between the domains. The study of the activities showed that these connections are important for the allosteric communication between the domains.All this information provides elements on the modulation of the activity of the TopIIs explained by their structure and PTMs.</dcterms:abstract>
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