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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Molecular basis of transcriptional dysregulations in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, a neurodegenerative polyglutamine disorder</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Etudes des mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à la dérégulation transcriptionnelle dans la rétinopathie de l'ataxie spinocérébelleuse de type 7</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SCA7</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rétinopathie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SAGA</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ARN activateur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Identité neuronale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SCA7</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Retinopathy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SAGA</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hypoacetylation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">SCA7 est une maladie génétique dont l’un des principaux symptômes est une perte progressive d’acuité visuelle pouvant aller jusqu’à la cécité. La mutation responsible de cette pathologie est une expansion instable d’un triplet CAG au sein de l’ATXN7, gene codant une sous-unité du complexe SAGA, un co-activateur de l’ARN polymerase de type II. Des études réalisées sur modèles de souris transgéniques mirent en évidence une perte d’identité des photorécepteurs au niveau morphologique, fonctionnel, et moléculaire. Au cours de ma thèse la caractérisation d’un nouveau modèle knock-in de SCA7 fut réalisée. Ce modèle, qui exprime le gène muté à un niveau endogène récapitule les atteintes rétiniennes observées dans les modèles transgéniques et chez les patients. Une étude transcriptomique (RNA-seq) et épigénomique (ChIP-seq) de ce modèle fut réalisée et mis en évidence des défauts globaux de l’acétylation des lysines 9 et 27 de l’histone H3 (H3K9 et H3K27ac). De plus une étude plus poussée des ARNs non codants mit en évidence l’existance d’ARN enhancer (eRNA) encore non répertoriés au niveau des loci de gènes uniquement exprimés dans les photorécepteurs comme Rho, ces même eRNAs sont retrouvés dérégulés chez les animaux développant la rétinopathie SCA7.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">SCA7 is a genetic disorder whose one of its main symptoms is a progressive loss of visual acuity which can ultimately lead to blindness. The mutation responsible for this disease is an unstable CAG expansion within ATXN7, a gene encoding a subunit of the SAGA complex, a co-activator of the RNA polymerase II. Previous studies performed on transgenic mouse models highlighted a neuronal identity loss of the photoreceptors at the morphological, functional and molecular levels. During my PhD a characterization of a new SCA7 knock-in mouse model was performed. This model, which expresses the mutated genes at endogenous level recapitulates the retinal impairments observed in transgenic models and in patients. A transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and epigenomic (ChIP-seq) analyses were performed on this model and highlight global acetylation defects on lysine 9 and 27 of histone H3 (H3K9ac and H3K27ac). Moreover, investigations on non-coding RNAs identified the presence of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) on photoreceptor specific genes such as Rho. These eRNAs, which were never described before, undergo a downregulation in symptomatic SCA7 mice.</dcterms:abstract>
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