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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Les limites de marque et les droits fondamentaux : une approche comparative entre les Etats-Unis d'Amérique et l'Union Européenne</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Marques</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Objet de protection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Infraction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Défenses</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Trade marks</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse fait la comparaison entre les limites au droit des marques américains et européens. Ces limites sont d'abord définies en tenant compte de l'expansion de l'objet de protection du droit de marque, de la contrefaçon et de la nature des moyens de défense actuellement disponibles pour les tiers. Ces limites sont ensuite examinées à la lumière des droits fondamentaux en repensant le périmètre de l’objet de protection, de la contrefaçon et d'enregistrement des marques. L'élargissement de la protection des marques crée de nombreuses tensions constitutionnelles en ce qui concerne l'interaction entre la dilution, la confusion, le fair use et la clause du commerce, le premier amendement et la clause sur les brevets et le droit d'auteur dans la Constitution américaine. Ainsi, dans l'UE, les marques doivent être harmonisées avec d'autres droits prévus par la Charte et la CEDH, comme la protection de la liberté d'entreprendre et la liberté d'expression.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis compares the boundaries of the US and the EU trade mark law. These boundaries are first defined by considering the expansion of trade mark subject matter, infringement and the nature of the current defences available to third-parties. These boundaries are then considered in light of fundamental rights by rethinking the scope of the subject matter, infringement and trade mark registration practices. The expansion of trade mark protection creates numerous constitutional tensions in relation to the interaction between dilution, confusion, fair use and the Commerce Clause, the First Amendment and the Patent and Copyright Clause in the US Constitution. To the same effect, in the EU, trade marks must be harmonised with other guarantees laid down in the EUCFR and in the ECHR, such as the protection of freedom to conduct a business and freedom of expression.</dcterms:abstract>
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