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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Essays on banking and institutions</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Banques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Contraintes de financement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Efficience de coût</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inclusion financière</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Institutions formelles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Institutions informelles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Banking</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Financing constraints</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cost efficiency</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Financial inclusion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Formal institutions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Informal institutions</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse examine le lien entre les institutions et la banque. Elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la manière dont les institutions formelles et informelles façonnent le comportement des banques. Le premier chapitre étudie l'impact du marquage du futur du langage sur la prise de risque bancaire. Les langages qui marquent grammaticalement l'avenir conduisent les banques à prendre plus de risque. Le chapitre deux étudie comment le marquage du genre dans la langue affecte l'inclusion financière. La présence du marquage de genre dans la langue explique l'écart entre les sexes dans la probabilité de posséder un compte formel, d'avoir accès à un crédit formel, ainsi que d'avoir une épargne dans une institution financière formelle. Le chapitre trois explore l'influence du développement démocratique sur l'accès au crédit pour les entreprises. La démocratie contribue à alléger les contraintes de financement des entreprises. Le quatrième chapitre examine les conséquences de la corruption sur l'efficacité des banques. Les banques opérant dans des pays à forte corruption sont moins efficaces. Le chapitre cinq examine l’effet de l’efficacité des banques sur l’accès au crédit des entreprises. Une plus grande efficacité bancaire améliore l'accès au crédit pour les entreprises. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse met en évidence le rôle important des institutions pour le développement financier.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This dissertation examines the link between institutions and banking. It contributes to a better understanding of how formal and informal institutions shape bank behavior. The first chapter studies the impact of language future tense marking on bank risk taking. Languages that grammatically mark the future lead banks to take higher risk. Chapter two studies how gender marking in language affects financial inclusion. The presence of gender marking in language explains the gender gap in the probability of owning a formal account, having access to a formal credit, as well as having savings in a formal financial institution. Chapter three explores the influence of democratic development on access to credit for firms. Democracy contributes to alleviate firms’ financing constraints. The fourth chapter examines the consequences of corruption on bank efficiency. Banks operating in countries with high corruption are less efficient. Chapter five explores the effect of bank efficiency on firms’ access to credit. Greater bank efficiency improves access to credit for firms. Overall, this dissertation highlights the important role of institutions for financial development.</dcterms:abstract>
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