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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Quantification multi-échelle de la porosité dans des matériaux poreux à base de silice</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Multiscale quantification of porosity in porous silica-based materials</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Porosité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Multi-échelle</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tomographie électronique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Quantification morphologique et topologique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Porosity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Multiscale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ATUMtome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Electronic tomography</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Morphological and topological quantification</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les matériaux présentant une porosité multi-échelles et / ou hiérarchique trouvent plusieurs applications dans des domaines tels que l’isolation thermique, la biominéralisation, la catalyse environnementale et la conception de biocapteurs. On se propose de mettre en place une méthodologie de quantification de la porosité multi-échelle et/ou hiérarchisée dans des matériaux structurés à différents échelles spatiales en combinant différentes techniques de tomographie et méthodes d’analyse morphologiques et topologiques des données 3D. Il s’agit de l'utilisation complémentaire de : la tomographie électronique 3D, la microscopie électronique à balayage par faisceau ionique focalisé (FIB-SEM) et la tomographie matricielle ATUMtome. Pour ce faire, dans un premier temps, nous avons présenté le protocole d’optimisation réalisée pour accéder à la quantification de la porosité multi-échelle et/ou hiérarchique. Cette méthodologie nous a permis par la suite d’étudier et de quantifier la porosité de différents échantillons à base de silice précipitée sous différentes formes et issue de différentes étapes de conception. Ensuite, on s’est intéressé à l’étude d’un autre type de silice, cette fois-ci naturel, il s’agit de la diatomée et plus spécialement les espèces de diatomée « coscinodiscus ». Ces derniers disposent d’une structure 3D hiérarchique et ont nécessité l’utilisation des trois approches tomographiques. La dernière étude se situe dans le domaine de la catalyse. En effet, l’analyse 3D de ces espèces de diatomée a permis par la suite de les utiliser comme support pour synthétiser un nouveau catalyseur à base de nanoparticules de platine et qui a été utilisé pour la réaction d’oxydation du monoxyde de carbone.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Materials with multiscale and/or hierarchical porosity have several applications in fields such as thermal insulation, biomineralization, environmental catalysis and biosensor design. We propose to set up a methodology for the quantification of multi-scale and/or hierarchical porosity in structured materials at different spatial scales by combining different tomographic techniques and morphological and topological analysis methods of 3D data. This involves the complementary use of: 3D electron tomography, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and ATUMtome matrix tomography. For this purpose, firstly, the optimization protocol carried out to access the quantification of the multiscale and/or hierarchical porosity was presented. This methodology allowed us to study and quantify the porosity of different samples based on precipitated silica in different forms and from different design stages. Then, we were interested in the study of another type of silica, this time natural, it is the diatom and more specifically the species of diatom "coscinodiscus". The latter have a hierarchical 3D structure and required the use of the three tomographic approaches. The last study is in the field of catalysis. Indeed, the 3D analysis of these diatom species allowed to use them as support to synthesize a new catalyst based on platinum nanoparticles and which was used for the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide.</dcterms:abstract>
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