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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Surface engineering of bio-based polymeric nanofilms for biomedical applications</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Couche par couche</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Layey-by-layer</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Collagen</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les propriétés de surface des biomatériaux agissent comme une première ligne de défense à l'interface cellule-biomatériau pour combattre les infections et favoriser la bio-intégration. Au cours de cette thèse, trois volets ont été abordés dans ce contexte. Dans la première partie, des films multicouches à base d'acide tannique et de collagène (TA/COL) ont été développés par la méthode couche-par-couche afin d’obtenir des films antibactériens. Construit à pH 4, le tampon utilisé a eu un impact non seulement sur les propriétés physico-chimiques mais aussi sur les propriétés antibactériennes. A contrario des films obtenus dans le tampon acétate de sodium, les films TA/COL obtenus dans le tampon citrate ont montré des propriétés antibactériennes envers les bactéries Staphylococcus aureus grâce à leurs topographies granulaires. Dans la deuxième partie, les films TA/COL ont été développés en utilisant la méthode LbL pour obtenir l'orientation des fibres COL dans les films. La différenciation des myoblastes humains a été obtenue en seulement 12 jours de contact avec les films TA/COL orientés grâce à deux propriétés distinctes : l'orientation du COL qui aligne les myoblastes favorisant leur contact étroit et la libération de TA qui favorise la différenciation. Les fibres de collagène ainsi orientées peuvent être utilisées pour régénérer des tissus anisotropes. Dans la troisième partie, nous avons développé des films LbL ayant différentes nanotopographies avec des propriétés antiadhésives et antibactériennes de contact contre Staphylococcus aureus et Escherichia coli, empêchant également la formation de biofilms bactériens. Les caractéristiques nanotopographiques des films LbL chargées positivement appliquent probablement une force de cisaillement sur la membrane cellulaire, entraînant sa perforation.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The surface properties of biomaterials act as a first line of defense at cell-biomaterial interface to fight infections and promote bio-integration. Three biomedical aspects were addressed in this thesis. In the first part, tannic acid/collagen (TA/COL) layer-by-layer films were built at pH 4 using acetate or citrate buffer. The buffer used not only impacted the physico-chemical properties of the film but also its antibacterial properties. Thanks to the granular film topography obtained by using citrate buffer, TA/COL films showed a strong release-killing property towards Staphylococcus aureus. In the second part, TA/COL films were developed by using LbL method to obtain orientation of COL fibers in the films. The differentiation of human myoblasts was obtained in only 12 days of contact with the oriented TA/COL films, thanks to two distinct properties: COL orientation which aligns myoblasts favoring their close contact and TA release which favors their differentiation. On the developed brush-based TA/COL LbL films, the powerful topography cues and the strong links between cells and the collagen can be used to mimic the complexity of in vivo conditions and design new model tissues to regenerate anisotropic tissues. In the third part, we reported the development of LbL films having different nanotopographies with antiadhesive and contact-killing properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, preventing also bacterial biofilm formation. The positively charged nanotopographical features of the LbL films probably apply a shear force on the cell membrane leading to its puncture.</dcterms:abstract>
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