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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse de 3-benz(o)ylménadiones et propriétés rédox à l'origine de leur(s) mode(s) d'action antipaludique</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">New synthetic methodologies to access 3-benz(o)ylmenadiones and their redox properties at the origin of their antipaludic mode(s) of action.</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Médicament antipaludique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">1,4-naphthoquinone</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Friedel-crafts</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">(photo)redox</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Antimalarial drug</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">1,4-naphthoquinone</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le paludisme est une maladie parasitaire tropicale touchant particulièrement les jeunes enfants en Afrique subsaharienne. La résistance aux médicaments antipaludiques s’est développée dans le monde entier depuis près de 50 ans et le besoin de nouveaux composés actifs est urgent. La plasmodione, appartenant à la série des 3-benzylménadiones, est un candidat médicament efficace agissant en interférant avec l’équilibre rédox du parasite. Cependant ses proprietés physico-chimiques sont incompatibles avec un traitement antipaludique efficace par voie orale et son mécanisme d’action est encore mal connu. Durant cette thèse nous avons développé diverses méthodes de synthèse, i) des métabolites postulés : les 3-benzoylménadiones, et ii) des analogues variés de la plasmodione. Les 3-benzoylménadiones ont été obtenues par un nouveau variant de la réaction de Friedel-Crafts clé. Cette réaction a permis également de synthétiser des sondes chimiques (pro-)ABPP pour identifier les sites d’intéractions de ces métabolites avec des enzymes. Une nouvelle voie alternative de synthèse photorédox vers la série 3-benzylménadione a également été développée, permettant d’une part d’obtenir en une seule étape une plus grande variété de ces dérivés fonctionnalisés, mais aussi, grâce son mécanisme original impliquant des cascades rédox, de mieux comprendre la photoréactivité des naphtoquinones. Enfin, des analogues hétéroaromatiques de la plasmodione, avec une solubilité potentielle améliorée, ont été obtenus grâce à un couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Malaria is a tropical parasitic disease that particularly affects young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance to antimalarial drugs has been developing worldwide for nearly 50 years and there is an urgent need for new active compounds. Plasmodione, belonging to the 3-benzylmenadione series, is an effective drug candidate acting by interfering with the redox equilibrium of the parasite. However, its physicochemical properties are incompatible with an effective antimalarial treatment per os and its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. During this thesis we have developed various synthetic methods to synthesize i) the postulated metabolites: the 3-benzoylmenadiones, and ii) diverse analogues of plasmodione. The 3-benzoylmenadiones were obtained by a new variant of the key Friedel-Crafts reaction. This reaction also allowed the synthesis of (pro-)ABPP chemical probes to identify the sites of interaction of these metabolites with enzymes. A new alternative photoredox synthesis route to the 3-benzylmenadione series was also developed, allowing on the one hand to obtain in a single step a greater variety of these functionalized derivatives, but also, thanks to its original mechanism involving redox cascades, to better understand the photoreactivity of naphthoquinones. Finally, heteroaromatic analogues of plasmodione, with improved potential solubility, were obtained through a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling.</dcterms:abstract>
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