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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation de la machinerie traductionnelle à l'aide de criblages à ultra haut-débit en goutelettes microfluidiques</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Initiation de la traduction</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Criblage à ultrahaut-débit</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microfluidique en gouttelettes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Translation initiation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La traduction est un procédé énergivore finement régulé et ce, majoritairement lors de son initiation. Que ce soit au travers de systèmes procaryotes ou eucaryotes, l’étude de ce mécanisme et de sa régulation nécessitent l’analyse d’un grand nombre de variants rendant ces travaux chronophages et onéreux. Les criblages in vivo à haut-débit étant efficaces mais limités par les variations intercellulaires ou par certaines conditions toxiques ont motivé́ l’emploi de milieux de transcription, traduction in vitro (TTIV). Toutefois, l’analyse de millions de variants par ces approches in vitro est rapidement limitée par le coût, d’où l’intérêt de la microfluidique en gouttelettes qui, par l’utilisation de gouttelettes d’eau dans l’huile de quelques picolitres, permet la réduction du volume, du coût mais aussi du temps de travail. L’ensemble associé au séquençage à haut-débit (NGS) et à l’analyse bio-informatique permet alors une étude rapide et exhaustive des séquences. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, une plateforme de criblage de microfluidique en gouttelettes a été utilisée pour l’analyse de l’initiation de la traduction chez les procaryotes et les eucaryotes ainsi que pour l’étude de certains mécanismes de sa régulation. Plusieurs preuves de principes clefs ont été établies et les perspectives qu’elles ouvrent sont analysées et discutées.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The translation is an energy-consuming mechanism finely regulated mainly during the initiation step. To study this mechanism in prokaryotic or eukaryotic systems, a significant number of variants needs to be tested, making such analyses time-consuming and expensive. In vivo high-throughput screening proved to be efficient but limited due to cell-to-cell variability and toxicity issues. As a consequence, in vitro transcription, translation (IVTT) can be used. However, the in vitro analysis of millions of variants is rapidly limited by the cost and thus motivated the development of a dedicated droplet-based microfluidic screening pipeline. The use of picoliter-sized water-in-oil droplets allows the drastic reduction of reaction volumes, the cost, the labor and the working time. Moreover, the combined use of this technology with Next Generation Sequencing and bioinformatics allows the rapid and exhaustive analysis of large sequence libraries. In this work, a droplet-based microfluidic screening pipeline was developed, validated and used to analyze the translation initiation and regulation process in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Several key proof-of-concept have been achieved and the perspectives they open are analyzed and discussed.</dcterms:abstract>
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