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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Nouvelles méthodes d’évaluation des variations génétiques via une approche bioinformatique : application aux maladies humaines</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">New methods for the evaluation of genetic variations via a bioinformatics approach : application to human diseases</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Variations génétiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Génome humain</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Faux-sens</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Genetic variations</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Human genome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Missense</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rare genetic diseases</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le séquençage du génome humain a bouleversé la biologie et ouvert la voie à une meilleure identification et interprétation des variations génétiques, reflet de notre diversité, mais pouvant entrainer des maladies génétiques rares. L’objectif de ma thèse était de développer des outils pour mieux caractériser des variations génétiques impliquées dans les maladies génétiques rares. Mes travaux se sont organisés autour de deux axes majeurs : Premièrement, le développement de MISTIC (MISsense deleTeriousness predICtor), nouvel outil basé sur de l’intelligence artificielle, visant à prédire l’impact des variations faux-sens. Les performances élevées de MISTIC découlent d’une architecture originale et d’un choix minutieux des descripteurs intégrés. Deuxièmement, la création de duxt (differential usage across tissues), une métrique pour mieux caractériser les variations situées dans les exons alternatifs. L’application de duxt a permis d’identifier des exons fortement/faiblement utilisés dans certains tissus et d’explorer leurs relations avec des variations impliquées dans certains phénotypes atypiques de maladies génétiques rares.</dcterms:abstract>
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