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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le rôle de la GPVI et des intégrines plaquettaires en hémostase, en thrombose et dans l’arrêt des saignements en conditions inflammatoires</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plaquette</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hémostase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Thrombose artérielle</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Platelet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hemostasis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Arterial thrombosis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’adhérence, l’activation et l’agrégation des plaquettes assurent l’hémostase, mais sont également à l’origine de la thrombose artérielle responsable de pathologies ischémiques graves. Ces pathologies sont traitées par des antiplaquettaires ayant prouvé leur efficacité, mais qui augmentent le risque de saignement. L’objectif de ce travail a été de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliquant les plaquettes en hémostase, en thrombose artérielle et dans l’arrêt des saignements en conditions inflammatoires afin de réduire le risque hémorragique lié à ces traitements. L’identification d’une différence du rôle de la GPVI dans la formation du thrombus entre l’Homme et la souris indique que les agents anti-GPVI en développement pourraient être plus efficaces chez les patients que ce que laissait prévoir les études précliniques. L’utilisation de souris déficientes pour l’intégrine α5β1 plaquettaire n’a pas mis en évidence un rôle majeur de ce récepteur en thrombose artérielle, malgré une réduction de l’agrégation plaquettaire sur une surface de fibronectine en flux, suggérant que ce récepteur n’est pas une cible antithrombotique intéressante. Enfin, l’identification d’un rôle des intégrines β1 et β3 plaquettaires dans l’arrêt des saignements en conditions inflammatoires confirme le risque de saignement lié au ciblage des intégrines β3 plaquettaires</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation ensure hemostasis but can also lead to arterial thrombosis inducing serious ischemic pathologies. Those are treated and prevented with antiplatelet agents which are reducing mortality but also increase the bleeding risk. The aim of this work was to improve our understanding of the mechanisms implicating platelet in hemostasis, arterial thrombosis and the arrest of bleeding under inflammatory conditions in order to reduce the bleeding risk due to these agents. Identification of a differential role of GPVI in thrombus formation between Human and mice indicate that anti-GPVI agents in patients might be more efficient than expected based on preclinical studies. The use of genetically deficient mice for platelet α5β1 integrin did not point out a major role for this receptor in arterial thrombosis, although a reduction in platelet aggregation on fibronectin was evidenced in flow-based experiment. Identification of a role for platelet β1 and β3 integrins in the arrest of bleeding under inflammatory conditions confirm the increased bleeding risk due to platelet β3 integrin targeting.</dcterms:abstract>
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