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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Mécanismes neuroendocrines de la saisonnalité, un pas vers des modèles génétiquements modifiés</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Neuroendocrine mechanisms of seasonal control of reproduction, a step towards genetically modified animals</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neuroendocrinologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Reproduction saisonnière</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mélatonine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hormones thyroïdiennes</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuroendocrinology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Seasonal reproduction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Melatonin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Thyroid hormones</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Chez les mammifères, les variations annuelles de la production nocturne de mélatonine par la glande pinéale forment un calendrier neuroendocrine permettant de synchroniser la reproduction avec les saisons afin d’assurer la naissance des petits au printemps. Ce travail contribue à la compréhension des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires par lesquels le signal mélatoninergique est intégré dans l’organisme et synchronise la reproduction. A l’aide de modèles murins génétiquement modifiés nous avons démontré le rôle clé du récepteur aux hormones thyroïdiennes TRα dans la régulation par la mélatonine du neuropeptide hypothalamique RFRP-3 impliqué dans la reproduction. De plus, nous avons montré que cette régulation implique des TRα non-neuronaux, possiblement tanycytaires. Les tanycytes formant une niche neurogénique, nous avons fait l’hypothèse que la T3 régulerait des processus de neurogenèse à l’origine des variations annuelles de RFRP-3. Cependant, malgré un profil de prolifération cellulaire saisonnier dans l’hypothalamus du Hamster Syrien, aucune des cellules nouvellement formées ne semble se différencier en neurones à RFRP-3.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">For mammals, the annual variations of nocturnal production of melatonin by the pineal gland constitute a neuroendocrine calendar allowing animals to synchronize their reproductive activity with seasons to ensure springtime birth of the offspring. With this work we contribute to the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the seasonal message relayed by melatonin is integrated and synchronizes reproduction. We used genetically modified murine models to demonstrate the key role of the thyroid hormone receptor TRα in the melatonin-driven regulation of the hypothalamic neuropeptide RFRP-3, known to regulate reproductive functions. In addition, we found that this regulation involves non-neuronal, possibly tanycytic TRα. Considering the role of tanycytes as a hypothalamic neurogenic niche we hypothesized that the seasonal variations of RFRP-3 neurons could involve a T3 regulation of neurogenesis processes. However, despite a clear seasonal profile of cell proliferation in the Syrian hamster hypothalamus, it seems that none of the newborn cells differentiate into RFRP-3 neurons.</dcterms:abstract>
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