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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le juge européen et les droits sociaux en temps de crise économique</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Austérité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prestations sociales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Assistance financière conditionnée</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cour de justice de l’Union européenne</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Comité européen des droits sociaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Austerity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Social benefits</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Financial assistance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Conditionality</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">European Court of justice</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La crise des dettes souveraines débutée en 2010 dans l’Union européenne a mené à la création de mécanismes d’assistance financière pour les Etats membres de la zone euro. L’octroi de prêts a été conditionné à la mise en œuvre de mesures d’austérité qui ont eu des conséquences dévastatrices sur les droits sociaux des individus. En effet, si ces droits souffraient avant la crise d’une faible protection tant au niveau de l’Union européenne que du Conseil de l’Europe, l’austérité a amplifié ce phénomène et mis le juge européen au cœur du nécessaire arbitrage entre impératifs économiques et garantie des droits sociaux. Ainsi, l’étude de la jurisprudence en découlant comporte deux temps. D’abord, les juges européens ont adopté une attitude de retenue. Ensuite, certains juges ont estimé que des mesures d’austérité violaient la protection européenne des droits sociaux. L’analyse de ce corpus jurisprudentiel fait toutefois apparaître un morcellement du contrôle de proportionnalité opéré par les juges. Cela conduit à envisager des pistes d’amélioration de la protection des droits sociaux en vue d’inévitables crises économiques futures.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The European sovereign debt crisis started in 2010. As a consequence, financial assistance mechanisms were set up for the benefit of Eurozone Member states. The granting of loans was conditioned by implementation of austerity measures that had devastating consequences for social rights, the protection of which is weak at the EU and Council of Europe’s level. Hence, austerity measures amplified the weakening of social rights protection. It put the European judge at the heart of a tension between economic imperatives and social rights guarantee. The study of the resulting jurisprudence is two-folded. First, the European judges exercised self-restraint. Only later some judges considered that specific austerity measures were in breach of European social rights guarantees. However, the case-law analysis shows a fragmentation of the judges’ proportionality review. This leads to consider possibilities of improvement in guaranteeing social rights, in order to cope with inevitable future economic crises.</dcterms:abstract>
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