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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Robotics and artificial intelligence : what impacts on employment and inequalities ?</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Robotique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chômage technologique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Technological unemployment</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse étudie l'impact des robots et de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) sur l'emploi et les inégalités sous ses aspects empiriques, théoriques et politiques. Dans le premier chapitre, nous menons une étude économétrique sur 33 pays de l’OCDE, et observons que les robots et l'IA augmentent le taux de chômage, tout en soulignant la faible magnitude et l'hétérogénéité des impacts en fonction de l'âge et du niveau d'étude de la force de travail. Dans le second chapitre, nous construisons un modèle théorique visant à expliquer l’émergence du chômage technologique et de la polarisation du marché du travail. Nos résultats confirment que l’automatisation est un facteur clef de ces deux phénomènes, dont l'ampleur est proportionnelle à la vélocité du progrès technologique. Enfin, le troisième chapitre teste quatre politiques, et les résultats indiquent qu’il est possible de lutter efficacement contre le chômage technologique et la polarisation du marché du travail.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis studies the impact of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) on employment and inequality from its empirical, theoretical and policy aspects. In the first chapter, we conduct an econometric study on 33 OECD countries, and observe that robots and AI increase the unemployment rate, while highlighting the low magnitude and heterogeneity of the impacts according to the age and education level of the labor force. In the second chapter, we build a theoretical model to explain the emergence of technological unemployment and labor market polarization. Our results confirm that automation is a key factor in these two phenomena, the magnitude of which is proportional to the velocity of technological progress. Finally, the third chapter tests four policies, and the results indicate that technological unemployment and labor market polarization can be effectively addressed.</dcterms:abstract>
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