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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Equivalence des hypothèses et systèmes du monde : Copernic, Kepler, Galilée</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Equivalence des hypothèses</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Copernic</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Histoire de l’astronomie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Equivalence of hypothesis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">System of the world</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="026879255" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Galilei, Galileo (1564-1642)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Nous partons pour cela d’une situation historique, ou plutôt d’un problème, tel qu’il s’est posé aux astronomes à partir du milieu du XVIe siècle. L’astronomie copernicienne s’est à ce moment trouvée face à une alternative qui paraissait insoluble : d’un côté, elle s’est toujours affirmée comme une astronomie vraie, c’est-à-dire produisant avec l’hypothèse héliocentrique une description du monde réel. De l’autre côté, ce réalisme copernicien se heurtait à l’absence de preuve observationnelle : entre autres, la parallaxe annuelle des fixes, qu’aurait dû produire le mouvement de la Terre, demeurait inobservable, contraignant Copernic à concéder l’éloignement démesuré de la sphère des fixes. Cette situation, de laquelle nous partons, a été nommée « équivalence des hypothèses ». La lecture que nous proposons de la révolution astronomique identifie les efforts et les effets produits par les coperniciens pour disqualifier l’équivalence des hypothèses, en soumettant leur hypothèse à un idéal de systématicité constituant de fait une preuve de sa supériorité sur les autres hypothèses.Nous essayons de montrer que l’idéal de systématicité de la connaissance est né comme tentative de dissiper l’équivalence des hypothèses astronomiques. Dans une première partie, nous définissons cet idéal de systématicité. Dans une deuxième partie, nous en cherchons la trace chez Copernic, Kepler et Galilée.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">We start from a historical situation, or rather a problem, as it arose for astronomers from the middle of the 16th century. At that time, Copernican astronomy was faced with an alternative that seemed unsolvable: on the one hand, it always asserted itself as a true astronomy, i.e. producing with the heliocentric hypothesis a description of the real world. On the other hand, this Copernican realism came up against the absence of observational evidence: among other things, the annual parallax of the fixed bodies, which should have been produced by the motion of the Earth, remained unobservable, forcing Copernicus to concede the inordinate distance of the sphere of the fixed bodies.This situation, from which we start, has been called « equivalence of hypotheses ». The reading that we propose of the astronomical revolution identifies the efforts and the effects produced by the Copernicans in order to undermine the equivalence of hypotheses, by subjecting their hypothesis to an ideal of systematicity constituting in fact a proof of its superiority over the other hypotheses. We try to show that the ideal of systematicity of knowledge was born as an attempt to dispel the equivalence of astronomical hypotheses. In a first part, we define this ideal of systematicity. In a second part, we look for its trace in Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo.</dcterms:abstract>
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