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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Synthesis and characterization of silicon clathrates films for photovoltaic applications</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Synthèse et caractérisation de films de clathrates de silicium pour des applications photovoltaïques</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Silicium</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Clathrates de Silicium</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Silicon Clathrates</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cet ouvrage concerne la synthèse de films de Clathrates de Silicium (SiCL) puis l’investigation et l’optimisation de leurs propriétés optoélectroniques et structurales. Les SiCL sont des composés d’inclusion formés d’un réseau silicié de cages occupées par du sodium. Libres de sodium, ces SiCL sont des allotropes exotiques à bande directe du silicium favorables à des technologies solaires performantes. Une large compréhension des SiCL sous forme de film est donc cruciale. Les films de SiCL de type-I (SiCL-I) et de type-II (SiCL- II) sont obtenus par décomposition thermique et caractérisés (DRX, Raman..). Par analyse des propriétés optoélectroniques (Hall, PL..) les films de SiCL-I sont métalliques tandis que les SiCL-II présentent différentes concentrations en sodium impactant les propriétés optoélectroniques comme prédit par DFT. Le contrôle réversible du niveau de sodium du SiCL-II permet la transition du film de métal à semiconducteur. Les propriétés structurales des films sont améliorées par recuit sous presse. Enfin, l’implantation en surface des couches par de l’arsenic est démontré et les effets sur les propriétés des films de SiCL-II sont étudiés.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This study concerns the synthesis of Silicon Clathrates (SiCL) films and the investigation and optimization of their optoelectronic and structural properties. SiCLs are inclusion compounds formed by a host lattice of polyhedral silicon cages stabilized by the presence of guest sodium atoms. The backbone of these SiCLs can be isolated and are then true allotropes with low density and quasi-direct band of silicon which is a stepping stone toward more efficient and less expensive silicon photovoltaic technologies. To obtain efficient applications using SiCL, a better understanding of these materials and their synthesis in the form of films is crucial. Type-I (SiCL-I) and type-II (SiCL-II) SiCL films are obtained by thermal decomposition of a Zintl phase precursor. The synthesis parameters have been refined through characterizations (XRD, Raman, SEM..) allowing the selective synthesis of each of these phases in the form of homogeneous films. By analysis of the optoelectronic properties (Hall, Ellipsometry, PL...) it is shown that the SiCL-I, Na8Si46, films are metallic and with fixed sodium occupation while the SiCL-II, Na0&lt;x&lt;24Si136, films present different sodium concentrations directly impacting their optoelectronic properties and semiconducting character. Press annealing of the films improves their structural qualities by densifying the layers. The insertion and extraction of sodium atoms from SiCL-II films, achieved by annealing under sodium vapour and iodine atmosphere respectively, allows to modulate the resistivity of these films over four orders of magnitude while observing a transition from metal to semiconductor at low sodium concentration. The sodium contribution to this behaviour is explicated thanks to DFT calculations. These reversible modifications of the sodium concentration of SiCL-II do not induce significant expansion/contraction of the structure and are therefore performed without damaging it. Finally, the surface implantation of these films with arsenic has been demonstrated and the impact on the SiCL-II films properties are studied.</dcterms:abstract>
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