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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Synthèse de nouveaux éléments superlourds et spectroscopie des nobélia 255 et 256</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Noyaux superlourds</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nobelium</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Isomères de haut K</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bande de rotation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fusion chaude</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spectroscopie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Synthèse</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Élément 119</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Superheavy nuclei</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nobelium</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">High-K isomers</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rotational band</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hot fusion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spectroscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Synthesis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">119 element</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xsi:type="dcterms:DDC">539.7</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027852245" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Éléments lourds</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027391655" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Détecteurs de rayonnement</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027842649" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Spectroscopie nucléaire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La compréhension de la structure nucléaire et des interactions qui l’animent est un des enjeux majeurs de la physique moderne. Les informations expérimentales sur l'existence et caractéristiques quantiques des noyaux loin de la stabilité posent des contraintes fortes sur nos modèles. Forts de nouveaux dispositifs expérimentaux repoussant les limites actuelles, cette thèse s'attaque à la question de l'existence d'éléments superlourds au-delà de l'Oganesson (Z=118) et à l'étude par spectroscopie fine d'orbitales nucléoniques dans la région des Nobelia. Depuis 2004, notre équipe participe, en collaboration avec les équipes de l’IJClab et du FLNR, à de multiples campagnes expérimentales avec le séparateur SHELS et le système de détection GABRIELA à Dubna. Dans ce cadre, nous avons synthétisé le 256No à l’aide de la réaction de fusion chaude 238U(22Ne, 4n)256No. Nous y avons observé 15 décroissances d’un isomère de haut-K inconnu, permettant de mesurer un temps de demi-vie de 7.8 +8.3-2.6 μs et une énergie d’excitation d’au moins 1089 ± 74 keV. L’étude du 255No, synthétisé à l’aide de la réaction de fusion froide 208Pb(48Ca, 1n)255No, a révélé quatre isomères de haut-K en cascade dans ce noyau. Leurs caractéristiques et leur interprétation au regard de nos connaissances dans les noyaux voisins sont discutées dans ce manuscrit. Cette étude spectroscopique a permis pour la première fois de proposer un schéma de niveau pour ce noyau. Depuis 2017, nous tentons de synthétiser l’élément 119 à RIKEN au travers de la réaction de fusion-évaporation 248Cm(51V, xn)299−x119 dans le cadre de la collaboration nSHE (IPHC, ORNL, RIKEN) dirigée par K. Morita. Cette thèse détaille les méthodes de filtrage et de recherche de chaînes développées spécifiquement pour cette expérience. La prise de données étant toujours en cours et les résultats préliminaires confidentiels, ces méthodes d'analyse développées par l'impétrant sont illustrées par des spectres issus des réactions d’étalonnage et du run de validation de l'ensemble du dispositif GARIS II : la synthèse du 257Db. Le code d’analyse a ensuite été utilisé et raffiné au cours des sept campagnes expérimentales qui ont jalonné cette thèse.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Understanding the nuclear structure and the underlying interactions is one of the major challenges in modern physics. The experimental informations on the existence and the quantum characteristics of nuclei far from the stability valley places strong constraints on theoretical models. With new experimental devices allowing us to push back the current limits, this thesis addresses the question of the existence of superheavy elements beyond Oganesson (Z=118) and the study of nucleonic orbitals in the Nobelia region by fine spectroscopy. Since 2004, our team has been participating, in collaboration with the IJClab and FLNR teams, in multiple experimental campaigns with the SHELS separator and the GABRIELA detection array in Dubna. In this context, 256No was synthesized using the hot fusion reaction 238U (22Ne, 4n)256No. Fifteen decays of an unknown high-K isomer were observed, allowing to measure a 7.8 +8.3-2.6 μs half-life and an excitation energy of at least 1089 ± 74 keV. The study of 255No, synthesized using the 208Pb(48Ca, 1n)255No cold fusion reaction, revealed four high-K isomers in cascade in this nucleus. Their characteristics and their interpretation, in connection with the neighboring nuclei systematics, are discussed in this manuscript. This spectroscopic study enabled to propose for the first time a level scheme for this nucleus. Since 2017, we have been trying to synthesize element 119 at RIKEN through the fusion-evaporation reaction 248Cm(51V, xn)299−x119 as part of the nSHE collaboration (IPHC, ORNL, RIKEN) led by K. Morita. This thesis details the methods of filtering and chain search strategy developed specifically for this experiment. Since the data acquisition is still ongoing and the preliminary results are confidential, these analysis methods developed are illustrated by spectra from the calibration reactions and the validation run of the entire GARIS II device: the synthesis of 257Db. The analysis code was then used and refined during the seven experimental campaigns paving the way of this thesis.</dcterms:abstract>
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