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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Morphology control of polyurethane foams</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polyuréthane</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Taille des pores</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Moprhology</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les propriétés physiques des mousses de polyuréthane dépendent fondamentalement de leur morphologie poreuse. Cependant, le contrôle de la morphologie est difficile, car la génération d'une mousse PU est un processus complexe impliquant de nombreux phénomènes chimiques et physiques interdépendants. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre les mécanismes permettant un contrôle efficace de la morphologie poreuse. Nous avons constaté que les bulles d'air micrométriques entraînées dans le système de mousse de PU pendant l'étape initiale de mélange sont déterminantes pour le développement de la morphologie. Nous avons pu montrer que la taille moyenne des pores dépend exclusivement du nombre de bulles d'air entraînées pendant le mélange. De plus, nous avons étudié la réduction de la taille des pores associée à l'ajout de fluorocarbures (FC) aux formulations de mousse de PU. Nos études ont révélé que les FC aident à entraîner plus de bulles d'air pendant le mélange, ce qui favorise la formation de pores plus petits. Les raisons de cet entraînement d'air facilité sont (1) la formation d'un film interfacial de FC réduisant la tension interfaciale gaz/liquide et (2) une anomalie de pression de vapeur des mélanges cyclopentane/FC qui s'oppose à la décimation des bulles d'air entraînées avant le soufflage de la mousse.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The physical properties of polyurethane foams depend fundamentally on their porous morphology. However, controlling PU foam morphology is challenging, as the generation of a PU foam is a complex process involving many interrelated chemical and physical phenomena. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms allowing for efficient control over the porous PU foam morphology. We proved that the mean pore size depends quantitatively on the number of micrometric air bubbles entrained during mixing. Moreover, we studied the pore size reduction associated with the addition of fluorocarbons (FCs) to PU foam formulations. We showed that most of the explanations given in the literature are erroneous and that FCs primarily help to entrain more air bubbles during mixing which, in turn, leads to the formation of smaller pores. We evinced that the main reasons for this facilitated air entrainment are (1) the formation of an interfacial FC-film reducing the gas/liquid interfacial tension and (2) a vapor-pressure anomaly of cyclopentane/FC mixtures that slows down the decimation of the entrained air bubbles prior to foam blowing. This new understanding will help to identify environmentally friendly alternatives to fluorocarbons.</dcterms:abstract>
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