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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Synthèse et études d'agents antibactériens constitués d'un photosensibilisateur vectorisé par un peptide antimicrobien</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Synthesis and studies of antibacterial agents composed of a photosensitizer vectorized by an antimicrobial peptide</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Porphyrine</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">APDT</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Peptide antimicrobien</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Conjugué porphyrine-peptide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bactéries à Gram positif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bactéries à gram négatif</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photosensitizer</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PGLa</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cateslytin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Conjugate porphyrin-peptide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gram-positive bacteria</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objectif de cette thèse a été de synthétiser, caractériser et évaluer l’activité de nouveaux agents photoactivables dans le proche-IR pour la thérapie photodynamique antibactérienne (aPDT). Ces agents sont constitués d’un photosensibilisateur (PS) porphyrinique fonctionnalisé lié de façon covalente à un peptide antimicrobien (AMP) cationique dans le but d’obtenir des traitements sélectifs vis-à-vis des bactéries. L’association du PS avec les AMP sélectionnés, le PGLa ou un dérivé de cateslytine, a permis d’obtenir des conjugués amphiphiles solubles dans l’eau fluorescents et produisant de l’oxygène singulet. Les tests aPDT réalisés sur des bactéries à Gram positif (S. aureus) et des bactéries à Gram négatif (E. coli) ont mis en évidence la forte photoactivité des conjugués à de faibles concentrations après excitation dans la fenêtre thérapeutique optique. Les porphyrines et les peptides seuls n’exercent aucune activité dans les conditions expérimentales testées, démontrant ainsi l’intérêt de lier ces deux molécules. Par ailleurs, les tests réalisés sur les kératinocytes ont montré une absence de toxicité et de phototoxicité des conjugués à 1 μM vis-à-vis de ces cellules eucaryotes épidermiques alors que la Concentration Minimale Bactéricide (CMB) est atteinte. Enfin, des PS cationiques constitués d’une porphyrine liée à deux unités imidazolium ont été synthétisés et leur activité photobactéricide sur les bactéries S. aureus a été démontrée.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The aim of this thesis was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the activity of new photoactivable agents in the near IR for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). These agents are composed of a functionalized porphyrinic photosensitizer (PS) covalently linked to a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) to improve the selectivity of treatments towards bacteria. The association of the PS with the selected AMP, PGLa or a derivative of cateslytin, leads to amphiphilic conjugates soluble in water which can emit fluorescence and produce singlet oxygen. The aPDT tests performed on Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) showed the strong photoactivity of the conjugates at low concentrations after excitation in the therapeutic window. The porphyrins and peptides alone display no activity in the experimental conditions which demonstrates the interest linking these two molecules. Furthermore, tests carried out on keratinocytes showed an absence of toxicity and phototoxicity of the conjugates at 1 μM towards these eucaryotic cells whereas the Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is reached. Finally, cationic PS composed of a porphyrin linked to two imidazolium groups were synthesized and the evaluation of their biological activity has highlighted their photobactericidal activity on S. aureus.</dcterms:abstract>
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