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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Nonenzymatic analog of pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Métabolisme</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ribonucleobase</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ribonucleobase</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le scénario du métabolisme d'abord suggère que l'émergence de réseaux de réactions spontanés et autoorganisés, y compris ceux générant les molécules génétiques, a été permise par la catalyse inorganique dans un environnement primitif. Dans cette approche, la chimie qu’il a prise devrait être construite et guidée par le cadre de la biochimie moderne. A la place des enzymes, cette chimie prébiotique synthétisant les métabolites essentiels de la vie aurait été entraînée par des sels métalliques ou des minéraux abondants sur Terre. Cette hypothèse est soutenue par de récentes expériences, par l’equipe de Moran, Martin, Ralser et autres, montrant des versions non enzymatiques d'un certain nombre de voies métaboliques principales. Cependant, les démonstrations expérimentales de la synthèse non enzymatique de novo de ribonucléotides sont encore très limitées. Par conséquent, un analogue de la synthèse de novo des ribonucléotides pyrimidiques a été étudié dans le contexte d’une chimie prébiotique favorisée par les métaux et est décrit dans cette thèse. Tout d'abord, les étapes réactionnelles isolées ont été réalisées dans des conditions individuelles, puis la réaction monotope combinant plusieurs étapes a été accomplie en présence de promoteurs métalliques. Ce travail suggère ainsi que les nucléotides pyrimidiques n'ont peut-être pas été inventés à partir de zéro, mais plutôt à partir de métabolites existant dans des voies de réactions non enzymatiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The metabolism-first scenario suggests that the emergence of spontaneous self-organized reaction networks, including those that make genetic molecules, was promoted by inorganic catalysis under primitive conditions. The chemistry that it does should have been built within the framework of modern biochemistry. Instead of using enzymes, this prebiotic chemistry producing life’s essential building blocks and metabolic intermediates would have been driven by Earth-abundant metal salts or minerals. Recent experiments by the teams of Moran, Martin, Ralser and others showing nonenzymatic versions of the AcCoA pathway, the rTCA cycle and the glycosis/pentose phosphate pathway have started to support this hypothesis. However, experimental demonstrations of nonenzymatic de novo ribonucleotide synthesis are still very limited. Therefore, the analogue of the de novo pyrimidine ribonucleotides synthesis was investigated in the context of metal-promoted prebiotic chemistry and has been described in this thesis. Firstly, individual reaction steps were achieved under suitable sets of conditions. Then, a “one-pot” reaction sequence combining multiple steps was also successfully performed in the presence of metal promoters. This work thus suggests that pyrimidine nucleotides may not have been invented promiscuously from unknown molecules that are not found in modern biochemistry, but from metabolites such as amino acids and sugars that were produced by nonenzymatic reaction networks, in a way that parallels their known biosynthesis.</dcterms:abstract>
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