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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude du mécanisme d’une isomérase d’acides gras insaturés : une nouvelle source d’inspiration pour le développement d’une stratégie antibactérienne innovante</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Study of the mechanism of an unsaturated fatty acid isomerase : a new source of inspiration for the development of an innovative antibacterial strategy</dcterms:alternative>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Isomérase</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Acides gras trans-insaturés</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">P. aeruginosa</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Enzyme catalysis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le processus de production d'acides gras trans-insaturés joue un rôle important chez les souches de Pseudomonas en tant que réponse adaptative à une augmentation de la température, à la présence de solvants organiques, de métaux lourds, au stress osmotique et à l'ajout d'antibiotiques agissant sur les propriétés de la membrane. L'isomérisation cis-trans des acides gras étant un mécanisme d'adaptation rapide pour rigidifier la membrane en réponse à des conditions environnementales sévères où la croissance est inhibée, elle semble être une cible pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies antibactériennes. La réaction d'isomérisation des acides gras cis en acides gras trans est catalysée par une cis-trans isomérase périplasmique (Cti) qui contient un motif CXXCH responsable de la fixation covalente d'un noyau d'hème (de type cytochrome-c) à la protéine. Plusieurs études sur l'activité de Cti ont été réalisées in vivo. Cependant, il existe un manque crucial de données sur Cti, principalement en raison de l'absence d'un système de production efficace de l'enzyme pure. L'objectif principal a été de produire l'enzyme Cti de P. aeruginosa en quantité suffisante pour entreprendre les premières études biophysiques et participer à l'élucidation de son mécanisme. Ainsi, grâce à une approche multidisciplinaire combinant biologie moléculaire, chimie, enzymologie et spectroscopies, l’hème de Cti a été caractérisé et des percées réalisées dans le mécanisme catalytique de cette enzyme laissent entrevoir un mécanisme inédit.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The process of trans-unsaturated fatty acids production plays an important role in Pseudomonas strains as an adaptive response to increased temperature, presence of organic solvents, heavy metals, osmotic stress and addition of antibiotics acting on membrane properties. Since cis-trans fatty acid isomerization is a rapid adaptive mechanism to stiffen the membrane in response to severe environmental conditions where growth is inhibited, it appears to be a target for the development of new antibacterial strategies. The isomerization reaction of cis fatty acids to trans fatty acids is catalyzed by a periplasmic cis-trans isomerase (Cti) that contains a CXXCH motif responsible for the covalent attachment of a heme core (cytochrome-c type) to the protein. Several studies on Cti activity have been performed in vivo. However, there is a crucial lack of data on Cti mainly due to the absence of an efficient production system of the pure enzyme. The main objective was to produce the Cti enzyme from P. aeruginosa in sufficient quantities to undertake the first biophysical studies and to participate in the elucidation of its mechanism. Hence, by using a multidisciplinary approach combining molecular biology, chemistry, enzymology and spectroscopies, the heme core has been characterized and the breakthroughs in the catalytic mechanism suggest an unprecedented mechanism.</dcterms:abstract>
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