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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation bayésienne des sources sismiques : de l'initiation du séisme à la rupture sismique</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Phase d'initiation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Séisme d'Illapel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inversion cinématique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Initiation phase</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objectif général de cette thèse est de mener une étude approfondie de la source, couvrant différents aspects de la caractérisation des séismes. Premièrement, je me suis focalisé sur la phase d'initiation des tremblements de terre. Spéciﬁquement, j’ai analysé la phase d’initiation du séisme de Valparaiso en 2017 (magnitude Mw=6.9). Ce séisme est un cas d’étude intéressant car il a été précédé par un déplacement transitoire accompagnée par de nombreux séismes pré-chocs. Nous montrons que ce séisme a vraisemblablement été précédé par un glissement asismique sur la faille. Dans une deux-ième partie de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé à la caractérisation détaillée de la distribution de glissement co-sismique associée aux grands séismes. En particulier, j’examine le séisme d’Illapel en 2014 (Mw=8.3). La caractérisation cinématique de la source de ce séisme est donc effectuée via une approche d’échantillonnage bayésien qui s’est avérée utile pour caractériser l’incertitude a posteriori. Nos modèles cinématiques indiquent une forte complexité dans le processus de rupture, associé à des "encerclements d’aspérités" qui ont été précédemment été suggérées par des études précédents.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The general objective of this thesis is to conduct a thorough source study covering different aspects of earthquake characterization. First, I focused on the initiation phase of earthquakes. Speciﬁcally, I analyzed the initiation phase of the 2017 Valparaiso earthquake (magnitude Mw=6.9). This earth-quake is an interesting case study because it was preceded by a transient displacement accompanied by many pre-shock earthquakes. We show that this earthquake was probably preceded by an asismic slip on the fault. In a second part of my thesis, I am interested in the detailed characterization of the co-seismic slip distribution associated with large earthquakes. In particular, I examine the 2014 Illa-pel earthquake (Mw=8.3). The kinematic characterization of the source of this earthquake is there-fore performed via a Bayesian sampling approach, which has proven useful in characterizing the a posteriori uncertainty. Our kinematic models indicate a high complexity in the rupture process, asso-ciated with "encircling asperities" that have been previously suggested by previous studies.</dcterms:abstract>
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