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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Matière granulaire fluidisée : Sédimentation et écoulements denses</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Milieux granulaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sédimentation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Décantation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pénétration</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Écoulements denses</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Settling</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les milieux granulaires sont omniprésents dans la nature et revêtent une importance capitale pour les sciences de la Terre. Ils se distinguent par le fait que, bien que leurs particules constitutives soient solides, dans leur ensemble, ils peuvent se comporter comme des solides, des liquides ou des gaz. Lors de la pénétration d’un intrus dans un lit granulaire, les comportements solide et fluide coexistent et, dans certaines conditions, cette pénétration peut impliquer une rotation de l’objet. Cependant, malgré d’importants efforts de recherche consacrés à la compréhension de la pénétration, la rotation a été un sujet rarement documenté dans la littérature. Un autre scénario impliquant des comportements de type solide et fluide est celui du tas granulaire. De nombreux phénomènes complexes ont été découverts dans les flux denses établis à sa surface, tels que la transition entre les flux continus et intermittents (CIT). Malgré les nombreuses avancées dans la physique des écoulements granulaires, l’étude de ceux-ci en régime continu dans des situations de plus grande utilité pratique comme les tas en croissance n’est pas courante. Cette thèse étudie la sédimentation d’intrus solides dans des cellules granulaires dans différentes conditions : près d’une paroi verticale, dans une cellule agitée horizontalement ou avec différentes orientations initiales, avec un accent particulier sur la rotation décrite par celles-ci. D’autre part, le CIT dans un amas granulaire en croissance est également étudié.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Granular media are ubiquitous in nature and of utmost importance for Earth sciences. A distinguishing feature of these is that although their constituent particles are solid, as a whole they may behave as solids, liquids or gases. During the penetration of an intruder into a granular bed, solid and fluidlike behaviors coexist and, under certain conditions, this penetration may involve rotation of the object. However, despite significant research efforts devoted to understanding of the penetration, rotation has been a topic rarely documented in the literature. Another scenario involving solid and fluidlike behaviors is that of granular heap. Many complex phenomena have been found in the dense flows established on its surface, such as the transition between continuous and intermittent flows (CIT). In spite of the many advances in the physics of granular flows, the study of these during the continuous regime in situations of greater practical utility such as growing heaps is not common. This thesis studies the sedimentation of solid intruders in granular cells under different conditions: close to a vertical wall, in a horizontally agitated cell or with different initial orientations, with particular emphasis on the rotation described by them. On the other hand, the CIT in a growing granular heap is also studied.</dcterms:abstract>
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