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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle des partenaires de CTIP2 dans la latence post-intégrative du VIH-1 : importance de la voie SUMO</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Role of CTIP2 partners in HIV-1 post-integrative latency : importance of the SUMO pathway</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">VIH-1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Latence</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SUMOylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transcription</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">HIV-1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Latency</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SUMOylation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les antirétroviraux permettent de contenir l’expression du VIH-1 mais ne permettent pas son éradication. En cause, des cellules infectées par un virus latent appelées réservoirs, principal frein à l’éradication. Des nouvelles stratégies de guérison ont émergé afin de les supprimer. Mais la mise en place de ces stratégies nécessite une compréhension fine des mécanismes qui régissent la latence. Notre laboratoire étudie la latence dans les cellules microgliales qui sont un important réservoir du VIH-1. Le rôle central du facteur de transcription cellulaire CTIP2 dans la latence de ces cellules a été mis en évidence par le laboratoire. Il recrute au niveau du promoteur viral des complexes répresseurs de la transcription. Récemment, nous avons identifié un complexe associant CTIP2 à la SUMOylation. Ici nous démontrons l’effet répresseur de la SUMOylation sur la transcription et la réplication du VIH-1. Les marques SUMO1 et SUMO2/3 sont présentes sur le promoteur viral latent. De plus, la SUMOylation participe à la dégradation de la protéine virale Tat par la voie du protéasome. Enfin, certaines combinaisons d’inhibiteurs de SUMO et d’inhibiteurs de HDAC réactivent les cellules microgliales latentes. En conclusion, nous démontrons l’effet répresseur de la SUMOylation sur l’expression du VIH-1 ainsi que sur Tat.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV-1 expression but is not able to eradicate the virus. Latently infected cells are the main obstacle to this elimination. Thus, new therapeutic strategies emerged in order to suppress these reservoirs. However, the implementation of these strategies requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that govern HIV-1 latency. Our laboratory studies latency in microglial cells which are an important reservoir for HIV-1 in the brain. The central role of the cellular transcription factor CTIP2 in the latency of these cells has been demonstrated by our laboratory. CTIP2 recruits at the viral promoter, transcriptional repressor complexes inducing HIV-1 latency. We recently identified CTIP2 associated in a complex with the SUMO pathway. Here, we demonstrated that SUMOylation represses HIV-1 transcription and replication. SUMO1, SUMO2/3 marks and CTIP2 are recruited to the HIV-1 latent promoter and removed when cells are reactivated. HIV-1 Tat protein is essential for the elongation step of HIV-1 transcription. We demonstrate that SUMOylation participates to Tat degradation via the proteasome pathway. Finally, combinations of SUMO and HDAC inhibitors reactivate HIV-1 latently infected microglial cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate the repressor effect of SUMOylation on HIV-1 expression and on Tat stability. These results suggest that SUMO pathway is involved in HIV-1 post-integrative latency.</dcterms:abstract>
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