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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">De l’approche corrélative à l’expérimentation : impact de l’urbanisation et des cocktails de polluants sur l’écologie et la physiologie des oiseaux</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">From correlative approach to experimentation : impact of urbanisation and pollutant cocktails on the ecology and physiology of birds</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Urbanisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Éléments traces métalliques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Statut oxydatif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Télomères</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Urbanisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Trace metal element</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oxidative statut</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Telomere</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le milieu urbain est un milieu artificiel pouvant être contraignant pour la faune sauvage. Chez les espèces qui persistent en ville, des divergences de traits d’histoire de vie, physiologiques et morphologiques sont observées avec les populations non urbaines. Ce travail explore l’impact de l’urbanisation sur la faune sauvage en combinant des approches corrélatives in situ chez la mésange charbonnière (Parus major), et des approches expérimentales ex situ sur le diamant mandarin (Taenopygia guttata), pour comprendre les mécanismes impactant les divergences phénotypiques entre ville et forêt. Les approches in situ un faible succès reproducteur et une meilleure maintenance somatique chez les oiseaux urbains suggérant en partie un rythme de vie plus lent ou l’existence d’un filtre urbain basé sur la qualité des individus. Chez le diamant mandarin les effets de l’exposition à des cocktails de métaux urbain sur la physiologie ont été testés. Des effets toxiques ont été observé sur les télomères, un indicateur de longévité et de survie. Ce travail souligne l’importance d’utiliser les approches in situ et expérimentales de manière conjointe pour appréhender l’ensemble des mécanismes aboutissants aux divergences phénotypiques liées à l’urbanisation</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Urban environment can be constraining for wildlife. For urban-tolerant species, divergences in life history traits, physiology, and morphology are often observed with natural populations. This thesis aims to explore the impact of urbanisation on wildlife by combining correlative in situ approaches on an 'urban adapter' species, the great tit (Parus major), and ex situ experimental approaches on the zebra finch (Taenopygia guttata), to understand the mechanisms of phenotypic divergences between city and forest. In situ experiment in great tit revealed a lower brood size and a better somatic maintenance in urban birds, suggesting a slower pace of life compared to forest birds, but also that the city acts as a filter on the quality of individuals. Experimental approaches in zebra finches testing the phenotypic effects of exposure to metal cocktails representative of urban exposure revealed toxic effects of these cocktails on bird telomeres, a potential indicator of longevity and survival. This work highlights the importance of using in situ and experimental approaches together to understand the underlying mechanisms leading to urbanisation-related phenotypic divergence.</dcterms:abstract>
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