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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Neuroprotection against myelin disorders : in vitro and in vivo studies to explore the protective roles of TSPO ligands and genome editing-based strategies</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Neuroprotection contre les maladies de la myéline : études in vitro et in vivo pour explorer les rôles protecteurs des ligands TSPO et des stratégies de l'édition du génome</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pathologies de la myéline</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sclérose en plaques</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TSPO</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neuroinflammation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Myelin pathologies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Multiple sclerosis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PMD</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">TSPO</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuroinflammation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans le SNC, les oligodendrocytes (OLs) produisent de la myéline, la structure lipophile qui permet la bonne conduction de l’influx nerveux. La formation anormale ou les dommages de la myéline ou des OLs sous-tendent les pathologies de la myéline, caractérisées par de graves déficits neurologiques. Diverses données de la littérature suggèrent des effets anti-inflammatoires et neuroprotecteurs des ligands de la protéine translocatrice (TSPO) dans plusieurs modèles de neuroinflammation et de neurodégénérescence in vitro et in vivo. Dans la présente thèse, nous avons vérifié spécifiquement cette hypothèse en étudiant divers aspects des pathologies de la myéline afin d’identifier de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. Nos résultats montrent que TSPO module négativement l’activation de la microglie vers le phénotype inflammatoire classique. Ensuite, nous avons démontré l’effet bénéfique de l’administration de deux ligands TSPO dans un modèle murin de SEP par l’évaluation de marqueurs pathologiques. Enfin, nous avons prouvé que TSPO peut également jouer un rôle important lors de la différenciation des OLs, ce qui fait de la protéine TSPO une cible prometteuse pour favoriser la remyélinisation.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In the CNS, the oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin, the lipophilic structure which allows for the proper conduction of nerve impulses. Abnormal formation or damages of myelin or OLs underlie myelin pathologies, which are characterized by severe neurological deficits. Accumulating evidence are showing anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in several in vitro and in vivo models of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration exerted by translocator protein (TSPO) ligands. In the present thesis, we attempted to investigate several aspects of myelin diseases in order to find innovative therapeutic approaches. Our first results showed that TSPO negatively modulates microglia activation towards the classical inflammatory phenotype. After, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of the administration of two TSPO ligands in a murine model of MS by the evaluation of pathological markers. Finally, we proved that TSPO may possess also an important role during OLs differentiation, thus proposing TSPO as a promising target to promote remyelination.</dcterms:abstract>
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