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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Étude de la biogenèse et des fonctions des petits ARN non codants dérivant d'ARN de transfert chez Arabidopsis thaliana</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les petits ARN non codants dérivant des ARN de transfert (tRFs) ont été identifiés dans tous les domaines de la vie et sont impliqués dans des mécanismes biologiques variés. Mon travail de thèse, mené sur la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana, a eu pour but de mieux comprendre la biogenèse des tRFs et leurs fonctions chez les plantes. Des lignées stables n’exprimant pas les trois principales RNases T2, RNS1, 2 et 3, acteurs majeurs de la biogenèse des tRFs, ont été réalisées avec la technologie CRISPR/Cas9. De plus, le tRF-5D Ala (AGC) de 20 nucléotides, montré précédemment comme inhibant la traduction in vitro, a été utilisé comme modèle pour déterminer sa fonction. Des protoplastes d’A. thaliana ont été transfectés avec ce tRF pour observer sa localisation subcellulaire et identifier ses partenaires protéiques. Celui-ci est retrouvé accumulé dans des foci cytosoliques qui ne s’apparentent pas à des mitochondries, P-bodies ou granules de stress. Une hélicase ARN,DExH1, interagissant avec des G-quadruplex, a été retrouvée associée avec le tRF Ala et la présence de structure en G-quadruplex sur le tRF Ala a été confirmée in vitro. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que le tRF Ala structuré en G-quadruplex peut être stocké dans la cellule et que DExH1 interviendrait pour le relâcher sous forme non structurée.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Small non-coding RNA derived from transfer RNAs (tRFs) have been identified in all domains of life and are implicated in various biological process. Based on the Arabidopsis thaliana model plant, my thesis work aimed to contributed to the understanding of tRFs biogenesis and their functions in plants. Stable knock out lines of the three main RNases T2, RNS1, 2,and 3, the main actors of tRFs biogenesis, were created with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In addition, the tRF-5D Ala (AGC) of 20 nucleotides, previously shown to inhibit translation in vitro, was used as a model to determine its function. A. thaliana protoplasts were transfected with this tRF to determine its subcellular localization and to identify its protein partners. The tRF Ala is found accumulated in cytosolic foci that are neither mitochondria, P-bodies nor stress granules. Additionally, the tRF Ala that we showed able to create G-quadruplex in vitro, associates with DExH1, an RNA helicase interacting with G-quadruplex. These results suggest that the tRF Ala, structured in G-quadruplex, can be stored in the cell and that DExH1 would release it in an unstructured form.</dcterms:abstract>
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