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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Molecular mechanism of synaptic vesicles recycling : role of the Phospholipid Scramblase-1 (PLSCR1)</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Mécanismes moléculaires du recyclage des vésicules synaptiques : rôle de la Phospholipid Scramblase-1 (PLSCR1)</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Endocytose compensatrice</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Remodelage de phospholipides</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Couplage de l’exo-endocytose</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stimulation à haute fréquence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Compensatory endocytosis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phospholipid scrambling</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PLSCR1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Exo-endocytosis coupling</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">High frequency stimulation</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="076701697" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Vésicules synaptiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027867048" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Phospholipides</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les défauts de transmission synaptique sont observés dans diverses pathologies telles que l'épilepsie, l'autisme ou la déficience intellectuelle et, en raison de son importance critique dans le maintien de la fidélité de la neurotransmission, la compréhension des mécanismes de régulation qui couplent l'exocytose à l'endocytose des vésicules synaptiques est essentielle pour comprendre ces pathologies. La libération des neurotransmetteurs se produit par une exocytose dépendante du Ca2+, qui résulte de la fusion entre les vésicules synaptiques et la membrane plasmique. Pour maintenir la fonction synaptique et l'homéostasie des organelles, l'exocytose doit être suivie d'une endocytose compensatrice, un processus nécessaire pour préserver l'intégrité de la membrane plasmique et restaurer les stocks de vésicules synaptiques. Bien que les processus de fusion et de scission vésiculaire impliquent des réarrangements de lipides membranaires entre la membrane plasmique et les vésicules, peu d'attention a été accordée au rôle de la dynamique des lipides lors de la transmission synaptique. Mon travail de thèse montre que la PhosphoLipid SCRamblase 1 (PLSCR1), une protéine qui mélange les lipides à la surface cellulaire lorsqu'elle est activée, contrôle le remodelage des lipides et le recyclage des vésicules synaptiques (SV) à la suite de la libération de neurotransmetteurs dans les cellules granulaires du cervelet (GrC). Les synapses chez les souris PLSCR1+/+ (WT) se distinguent par une facilitation soutenue de la transmission synaptique lors d'une stimulation à haute fréquence. A l’inverse, la facilitation synaptique est réduite et la transmission synaptique diminue rapidement dans les neurones n’exprimant plus la PLSCR1 indiquant que les synapses GrC ont perdu la capacité de remplir rapidement les stocks de vésicules synaptiques. Mes résultats suggèrent que la PLSCR1pourrait faciliter le couplage endo-exocytose pour soutenir une activité neuronale intense.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Defects in synaptic transmission are observed in various pathologies such as epilepsy, autism, or intellectual disability. Because of the critical importance in maintaining the fidelity of neurotransmission, insights to the regulatory mechanisms that couple exocytosis to endocytosis of synaptic vesicles are key to understand these pathologies at cellular level. Neurotransmitter release occurs through Ca 2+ - dependent exocytosis, which rely on the fusion between synaptic vesicles and the plasma membrane.To maintain synaptic function and organelle homeostasis, exocytosis must be followed by compensatory endocytosis, a process required to preserve plasma membrane integrity and restore synaptic vesicle pools. Although the processes of vesicular fusion and scission involve rearrangements of membrane lipids between the plasma membrane and vesicles, little attention has been paid to the role of lipid dynamics during synaptic transmission. My thesis work shows that the PhosphoLipid SCRamblase 1 (PLSCR1), a protein that mixes lipids on the cell surface when activated, controls lipid remodeling and synaptic vesicles recycling following neurotransmitter release in cerebellar granule cells (GrC). Synapses in PLSCR1+/+ (WT) mice are characterized by a sustained facilitation of synaptic transmission during high frequency stimulation. On the contrary, synaptic facilitation was reduced and synaptic transmission rapidly depresses in PLSCR1 -/- neurons indicating that GrC synapses have lost the capacity to rapidly refill synaptic vesicle pools. These results suggest that PLSCR1 could facilitate the endo- exocytosis coupling to sustain intense neuronal activity.</dcterms:abstract>
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