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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation biochimique et fonctionnelle du code tubuline des plaquettes sanguines</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Functional and biochemical characterization of the tubulin code in the platelet lineage</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mégacaryocyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plaquette</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hémostase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microtubule</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tubuline</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modifications post-traductionnelles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Megakaryocyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Platelet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hemostasis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microtubule</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tubulin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Post-translational modifications</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031404316" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Tubulines</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="030787688" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Cellules souches hématopoïétiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les plaquettes sanguines sont de petits fragments cellulaires anucléés qui assurent l’hémostase. Elles sont produites par les mégacaryocytes de la moelle osseuse à l’issue d’un processus complexe qui comprend de profonds remaniements du cytosquelette de microtubule. L’un des derniers évènements consiste en la formation d’une structure circulaire et sous-membranaire unique aux mammifères, appelée bande marginale, dont le rôle est d’assurer la forme discoïde typique des plaquettes circulantes. D’un point de vue mécanistique, l’ensemble des remaniements microtubulaires seraient contrôlés par un code tubuline propre au lignage plaquettaire. Dans ce travail, nous montrons que i) les isotypes de tubuline α4A et β1 coopèrent ensemble pour assurer l’assemblage de la bande marginale, et que leur double inactivation chez la souris entraine la formation de plaquettes sphériques dépourvues de bande marginale et incapables d’assurer l’hémostase ; ii) des mutations dans l’isotype α8 perturbent la biogenèse des plaquettes et leur bande marginale, causant des macrothrombopénies chez l’Homme et ; iii) plusieurs modifications post-traductionnelles de tubuline sont retrouvées dans la lignée plaquettaire, dont les rôles restent encore à élucider. Ensemble, nos résultats pourraient avoir des applications directes dans les pathologies plaquettaires et la transfusion.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Blood platelets are small non-nucleated cellular fragments that ensure hemostasis. They are produced by bone marrow megakaryocytes following extensive microtubule rearrangements that culminate in the formation of a unique circular sub-membranous microtubule array, called marginal band, which supports the typical disc-shaped morphology of circulating platelets. Mechanistically, these microtubular rearrangements are thought to be controlled by a platelet-specific tubulin code. Here, we show that i) the α4A- and β1-tubulin isotypes both cooperate to assemble the marginal band, and that their combined deficiency in mice results in fully spherical platelets devoid of marginal band that are unable to perform hemostasis; ii) mutations in the α8-tubulin isotype can alter platelet and marginal band formation and cause macrothrombocytopenia in humans and; iii) several tubulin post-translational modifications are found in the platelet lineage, with functions that remain to be evaluated. Together, these results shed new light on a very specialized microtubule assembly process with applications in platelet diseases and transfusion.</dcterms:abstract>
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