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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’immunité adaptative développée contre le SARS-CoV-2 après infection ou vaccination est le facteur clé dans la protection contre de nouveaux épisodes de COVID-19. Au cours de ce travail, après avoir montré la possibilité d’une réponse cellulaire sans anticorps suite à l’exposition au virus, une étude de cohorte a révélé que les anticorps développés après infection évoluaient différemment en fonction du sexe et persistaient plus d’un an. Un défaut de réponse humorale a été observé chez des patients immunodéprimés traités par rituximab dans les 6 mois précédents ainsi que chez des patients transplantés pulmonaires, en particulier ceux avec une charge virale élevée de TTV reflétant une profonde immunodépression. Enfin, l’étude de 2 cas d’infection post-vaccinale a souligné l’implication possible de différents mécanismes. Ces résultats enrichissent nos connaissances de l’immunité dirigée contre le SARS-CoV-2, cruciales dans la gestion de la pandémie et dans notre projection dans l’avenir.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The adaptive immunity developed against SARS-CoV-2 after infection or vaccination is the key factor for the protection against other COVID-19 episodes. In this work, after we showed that an isolated cellular response could be found without antibodies after exposure to the virus, a cohort study revealed that antibodies induced by infection evolve differently according to sex and persist more than one year. A lack of humoral response was observed in patients treated by rituximab over the last 6 months and in lung transplant recipients, particularly in those with a high TTV DNA load reflecting a deep immunosuppression. Finally, the exploration of 2 cases of breakthrough infection in immunocompetent individuals highlighted the possible involvement of distinct mechanisms. These results improve our knowledge of the immunity directed against SARS-CoV-2, which is crucial for the management of the pandemic and for our projection into the future.</dcterms:abstract>
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